“…First, after IBU loading, the characteristic peak of CO of IBU shifted from 1720 to 1560 cm –1 , which is attributed to the polarity changes of the −COOH group (linked to CSH). Besides, the Si–O stretching is blue-shifted, which is ascribed to the polarity change of Si–O–Si (formation of Si–O–C, magenta arrows). ,, Second, the characteristic absorption peaks of pure ALN molecules at 1020 and 1050 cm –1 (PO stretching vibration, indicated by the navy arrows) are present, and after ALN loading, new absorption peaks were observed at 961 and 1084 cm –1 (in cyan arrows), which are assigned to P–O stretching (PO 4 3– ) . Third, the major absorption peaks of pure GS were at 619 and ∼1100 cm –1 (dark cyan arrows), and compared with the CSH FTIR spectrum (black), a new broad peak was observed at ∼1115 cm –1 (green), which belongs to the bands of sulfate ions.…”