Understanding the laminated layer of larval Echinococcus I: structure

Biology and Systematics of Echinococcus

“…The laminated layer comprises a specialised extracellular matrix unique to Echinococcus (Fig. 7), whose synthesis is a major metabolic activity of the much thinner germinal layer (Diaz et al, 2011a;Lin et al, 2012;Parkinson et al, 2012). It is a carbohydrateeprotein complex of highly glycosylated mucin glycoproteins (Kilejian and Schwabe, 1971).…”

Echinococcus as a model system: biology and epidemiology

“…The laminated layer is a specia-407 lised extracellular matrix unique to Echinococcus (Fig. 1), whose 408 synthesis is a major metabolic activity of the much thinner germi-409 nal layer (Diaz et al, 2011a;Lin et al, 2012;Parkinson et al, 2012).…”

The Biological Function of Kupffer Cells in Liver Disease

“…Thus, the new data are consistent with the hypothesis that the LL carbohydrates are evolutionarily optimized for ensuring the clearance of shed LL particles by KCs. This hypothesis includes the possibility that KCR engagement favors the KCs release of anti-inflammatory mediators to participate in the infectious process to alleviate the liver injury [109][110][111].…”