Understanding the Mechanics of Wheat Grain Fractionation and the Impact of Puroindolines on Milling and Product Quality

Lullien-Pellerin, Valérie; Haraszi, R.; Anderssen, R. S.; Morris, Craig F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34163-3_16

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Owing to its importance, research regarding Pin has been comprehensively reviewed by Bhave et al [21,22] in aspects of its genetics, polymorphism identification and studies about its biological functions. Most recent research work on wheat kernel hardness and/or Pin has been updated in several reviews [23][24][25]27,96,97]. Detailed information on the genetics and biological functions of Pin and their effects on kernel hardness and end-use quality does not fall into the scope of the present review.…”

Section: Pins Are the Major Causal Genes For Wheat Kernel Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, many QTL were only detected in a single study. One explanation for this phenomenon could be that kernel hardness is also affected by environments [25,28,97]. For example, Oury et al [28] dissected the genetic and environmental contributions to several kernel hardness-related measurements, including SKCS-HI, NIRS hardness and vitreousness, demonstrating that environment factors affect all of the three kernel-hardness measurements.…”

Section: Dissecting the Genetic Loci Controlling Wheat Kernel Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kernel hardness largely determines the milling quality of wheat seeds, affects a set of physical and chemical seed properties, and influences a wide range of end-use quality parameters reviewed in [21][22][23][24][25]. Kernel hardness directly determines flour extraction or flour yield, and affects other milling parameters and flour properties, such as flour water absorption, break flour yield and the distribution of flour particle size [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Due to the significance of this trait in wheat end-use quality, the genetic basis of kernel hardness has drawn extensive research attentions for several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat

Tu¹,

Li²

2020

Plants

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Kernel hardness is one of the most important single traits of wheat seed. It classifies wheat cultivars, determines milling quality and affects many end-use qualities. Starch granule surfaces, polar lipids, storage protein matrices and Puroindolines potentially form a four-way interaction that controls wheat kernel hardness. As a genetic factor, Puroindoline polymorphism explains over 60% of the variation in kernel hardness. However, genetic factors other than Puroindolines remain to be exploited. Over the past two decades, efforts using population genetics have been increasing, and numerous kernel hardness-associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified on almost every chromosome in wheat. Here, we summarize the state of the art for mapping kernel hardness. We emphasize that these steps in progress have benefitted from (1) the standardized methods for measuring kernel hardness, (2) the use of the appropriate germplasm and mapping population, and (3) the improvements in genotyping methods. Recently, abundant genomic resources have become available in wheat and related Triticeae species, including the high-quality reference genomes and advanced genotyping technologies. Finally, we provide perspectives on future research directions that will enhance our understanding of kernel hardness through the identification of multiple QTLs and will address challenges involved in fine-tuning kernel hardness and, consequently, food properties.

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Section: Pins Are the Major Causal Genes For Wheat Kernel Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dissecting the Genetic Loci Controlling Wheat Kernel Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward the Genetic Basis and Multiple QTLs of Kernel Hardness in Wheat

Tu¹,

Li²

2020

Plants

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“…It is controlled by wheat genetics and the environment. Grain hardness influences wheat milling and flour viscoelastic properties [51][52][53][54], and it is used for marketing classifications [8]. In the present study, a collection of Iranian bread-wheat landraces held in the CIMMYT's wheat germplasm bank was analyzed for grain hardness using NIR calibrated by PSI and characterized at the molecular level by Pin compositions and Wx genes.…”

Section: Kasp Marker Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our result did not show differences in grain hardness between Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1null [63]. In this study, the findings may have been influenced by the following: 1) environmental conditions and grain size [14,[64][65][66][67]; however, Pomeranz et al [68] showed that hardness-related measurements were more affected by genotype than by environment; 2) other minor genes [23,[69][70][71]; 3) the limited accuracy of NIR to predict PSI; 4) the limited number of accessions with different Pin-D1 alleles and the different genetic backgrounds of the accessions, which led to unidentifiably small differences owing to the presence of different Pin-D1 alleles [53]. Grain protein content is directly related to grain hardness [14,58,70,[72][73][74].…”

Section: Kasp Marker Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Puroindoline (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) and waxy (Wx-1) genes in Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces

Maryami

Azimi

Guzmán

et al. 2020

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Grain hardness and starch are two of the most important factors that determine the end-use quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. The grain hardness and amylose content are controlled by the puroindolines (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) genes, located on chromosomes 5D, and waxy (Wx-A1, -B1 and -D1) genes, located on chromosomes 7A, 4A and 7D. A total of 160 Iranian landraces from the Germplasm Bank of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were evaluated for grain hardness using near infrared spectroscopy to predict the particle size index (PSI). In addition, molecular markers were used to evaluate the states of the corresponding genes. Eight accessions were found to have a hard texture (predicted PSI < 45%); however, only two could be explained by null alleles either in Pina-D1 or Pinb-D1. Additionally, 152 accessions had semi-hard textures (predicted PSI range of 45% to 55%). For the Wx gene, only one accession (CWI 67665) showed the null Wx-D1b allele, while two accessions (CWI 67747 and CWI 57684) were null for Wx-B1b. Single nucleotide polymorphism and sequence tag site marker techniques were used. Our findings further indicate the importance of using these landraces for grain quality improvement in breeding programs.

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