Understanding the mechanism for the mechanical property degradation of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic by annealing

Replacement of Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisor with Two-Buccal-Retainer Resin-Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis Modified by Proximal Boxes

“…The butt joint preparation design was chosen for the incisal edges to make the path of insertion bacco-palatally as the path of the proximal boxes. The full contour hot press technique was chosen to fabricate the bridge as the pressed prostheses have shown better marginal fit compared with CAD CAM ones [34,35], and the full anatomic prostheses have superior fracture resistance Case Reports in Dentistry compared with those made by bi-layered technique [36]. Modified ridge design was chosen the pontic as studies recommended for anterior maxilla because it combines aesthetics, biocompatibility, function, phonetics, patient comfort, and maintenance of healthy soft tissue [37].…”

Ductilization of Nanoporous Ceramics by Crystallinity Control

“…Traditionally, the thermomechanical treatment has served as a major tool to control the crystallinity and microstructures of many materials. − By carefully considering the atmospheric composition, heating and cooling rates, and the desired heating temperature, one can use the controlled thermal process as an effective method to adjust the crystallinity and crystalline phases of ceramic materials. − On the other hand, it was recently reported that the ion beam irradiation can also cause similar kinds of phase transformation, amorphization, and crystallization . Furthermore, unlike the annealing process, which generally induces the crystallization of the amorphous structures but not vice versa, the phase change by irradiation usually occurs either way, that is, both the amorphization and crystallization are possible by properly controlling the irradiation conditions .…”

Toward controllable material removal of glass–ceramic surface for low‐deformation machining

“…22 Besides, residual stress-induced deformations in material removal are prone to produce surface defects and subsurface damage, which will lead to the increase of surface roughness and propagation of densely distributed cracks. 6,15,23 Thermal annealing, as a significant method for repairing material damage, 24 plays a crucial role in glass-ceramics processing. Regarding the choice of annealing temperature, it mostly revolves around its own glass transition temperature (Tg), which is mainly divides into two types, .9 Tg and slightly higher than Tg.…”

“…Annealing for 2 h at a temperature of .9 Tg can restore the volume change resulted from glass densification. 18,25 In contrast, fine processing defects will be restored by viscous flow of atoms at microscale after annealing treatment at a temperature slightly above Tg and maintained for a period of time, 23,26,27 thereby eliminating internal residual stress and inhomogeneity. In conclusion, different holding temperatures endow annealing with different recovery effects.…”

“…The densification makes the internal density of glass–ceramic uneven, changing its mechanical properties and reducing the optical homogeneity 22 . Besides, residual stress‐induced deformations in material removal are prone to produce surface defects and subsurface damage, which will lead to the increase of surface roughness and propagation of densely distributed cracks 6,15,23 . Thermal annealing, as a significant method for repairing material damage, 24 plays a crucial role in glass–ceramics processing.…”