Understanding the Neuroscience Underpinnings of Obesity and Depression: Implications for Policy Development and Public Health Practice

Robles, Brenda; Kuo, Tony; Galván, Adriana

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.714236

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It represents a crucial node in a fronto‐limbic neuronal network responsible for inhibitory control 10 . The limbic system, a group of subcortical brain neurons linked to the PFC, plays an important role in influencing people's motivational actions 8,11 . There is evidence that the hedonic components of eating and incentive salience in food‐motivated behaviours are regulated by the brain's mesolimbic structures and mesocorticolimbic circuitry, sometimes known as the ‘reward pathway’ 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor cortex, parietal cortices, and fronto‐stratrial region are other key brain areas linked to nutritional self‐control 13 . Additionally, through their connections to the gut‐brain reward axis, hormones like leptin and ghrelin influence neurological processes involved in regulating people's eating habits 8,14 . Compared with non‐binge eaters, adult binge eaters tend to have lower fronto‐striatal (limbic) brain activity, higher trait impulsivity, and weaker inhibitory control abilities 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Of relevance to this discourse is the neurobiological underpinning of obesity, which regulates certain brain areas to play an essential role in controlling hunger and eating habits. 8,9 The prefrontal cortex (PFC), sometimes known as the 'control' region of the brain, exerts vital controls on behavioural inhibition, impulsive tendencies, and decisionmaking in response to environmental stimuli. 8 It represents a crucial node in a fronto-limbic neuronal network responsible for inhibitory control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 The prefrontal cortex (PFC), sometimes known as the 'control' region of the brain, exerts vital controls on behavioural inhibition, impulsive tendencies, and decisionmaking in response to environmental stimuli. 8 It represents a crucial node in a fronto-limbic neuronal network responsible for inhibitory control. 10 The limbic system, a group of subcortical brain neurons linked to the PFC, plays an important role in influencing people's motivational actions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The limbic system, a group of subcortical brain neurons linked to the PFC, plays an important role in influencing people's motivational actions. 8,11 There is evidence that the hedonic components of eating and incentive salience in food-motivated behaviours are regulated by the brain's mesolimbic structures and mesocorticolimbic circuitry, sometimes known as the 'reward pathway'. 12 The anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus, supplementary motor cortex, parietal cortices, and fronto-stratrial region are other key brain areas linked to nutritional self-control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The use of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2023

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SummarySeveral studies demonstrated non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are safe and simple techniques that can reduce body weight, food cravings, and food consumption in patients with obesity. However, a systematic to evaluate the efficacy of active NIBS versus sham stimulation in reducing body weight and food cravings in patients with obesity is not available. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trial between January 1990 and February 2022. Mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcome variables with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to examine the effects of NIBS on body weight and body mass index (BMI), whereas the hedges's g test was used to measure the effects on food craving. Nineteen RCTs involving 571 participants were included in this study. Active neurostimulation (TMS and tDCS) was significantly more likely than sham stimulation to reduce body weight (TMS: −3.29 kg, 95% CI [−5.32, −1.26]; I2 = 48%; p < .001; tDCS: −0.82 kg, 95% CI [−1.01, −0.62]; I2 = 0.0%; p = .00) and BMI (TMS: −0.74, 95% CI [−1.17, −0.31]; I2 = 0% p = .00; tDCS: MD = −0.55, 95% CI [−2.32, 1.21]; I2 = 0% p = .54) as well as food cravings (TMS: g = −0.91, 95% CI [−1.68, −0.14]; I2 = 88 p = .00; tDCS: g = −0.32, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.02]; p = .04). Compared with sham stimulation, our findings indicate that active NIBS can significantly help to reduce body weight and food cravings. Hence, these novel techniques may be used as primary or adjunct tools in treating patients with obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2023

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Association between abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women aged 18–49 years: a sub-analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2018–2019

Leon-Zamora,

Villarreal-Zegarra,

Bellido-Boza

2024

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Abdominal obesity (AO) is characterized by excess adipose tissue. It is a metabolic risk that affects the physical and mental health, particularly in women since they are more prone to mental health problems like depression. This study investigated the association between AO and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women of reproductive age (18–49 years). Design: In this cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Peruvian women population of reproductive age. Participants: We used data from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS) for 2018 and 2019 to assess 17,067 women for the presence of depressive symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]: cut-off score ≥ 10) and AO (measured by abdominal circumference; cut-off score ≥88 cm). Results: We observed a 64.55% prevalence of AO and 7.61% of depressive symptoms in the study sample. Furthermore, 8.23% of women with AO had depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Initially, women with AO appeared to have a 26% higher risk of depressive symptoms compared to women without AO (p = 0.028); however, after adjustment for covariates, no statistically significant association was observed. Conclusions: Therefore, although both conditions are common in women of this age group, no significant association was found between AO and depressive symptoms.

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Informing the development of antipsychotic-induced weight gain management guidance: patient experiences and preferences – qualitative descriptive study

Fitzgerald,

Crowley,

Ní Dhubhlaing

et al. 2024

BJPsych open

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Background Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a substantial contributor to high obesity rates in psychiatry. Limited management guidance exists to inform clinical practice, and individuals with experience of managing AIWG have had no or minimal input into its development. A lack of empirical research outlining patient values and preferences for management also exists. Recommendations addressing weight management in psychiatry may be distinctly susceptible to ideology and sociocultural values regarding intervention appropriateness and expectations of self-management, reinforcing the need for co-produced management guidance. This study is the first to ask: how do individuals conceptualise preferred AIWG management and how can this be realised in practice? Aims 1. Explore the management experiences of individuals with unwanted AIWG. 2. Elicit their values and preferences regarding preferred management. Method Qualitative descriptive methodology informed study design. A total of 17 participants took part in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was undertaken using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Participants reported that clinicians largely overestimated AIWG manageability using dietary and lifestyle changes. They also reported difficulties accessing alternative management interventions, including a change in antipsychotic and/or pharmacological adjuncts. Participants reported current management guidance is oversimplified, lacks the specificity and scope required, and endorses a ‘one-size-fits-all’ management approach to an extensively heterogenous side-effect. Participants expressed a preference for collaborative AIWG management and guidance that prioritises early intervention using the range of evidence-based management interventions, tailored according to AIWG risk, participant ability and participant preference. Conclusion Integration of this research into guideline development will help ensure recommendations are relevant and applicable, and that individual preferences are represented.

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Understanding the Neuroscience Underpinnings of Obesity and Depression: Implications for Policy Development and Public Health Practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

The use of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The use of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Association between abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women aged 18–49 years: a sub-analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2018–2019

Informing the development of antipsychotic-induced weight gain management guidance: patient experiences and preferences – qualitative descriptive study

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