Understanding the Phylogenetics of Indian Hoolock Gibbons: Hoolock hoolock and H. leuconedys

Trivedi, M. C.; Manu, Shivakumara; Balakrishnan, Sanjaay; Biswas, Jihosuo; Asharaf, N. V. K.; Umapathy, Govindhaswamy

doi:10.1007/s10764-021-00212-8

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A study using an integrative taxonomic approach confirmed species status for the Himalayan langur Semnopithecus schistaceus (also referred to as Nepal gray langur) but did not support dividing this taxon into multiple species or subspecies (Arekar et al, 2021). Similarly, a recent study ascertained the hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock as the only gibbon species in India (Trivedi et al, 2021), contrary to an earlier report of there being two species, the eastern Hoolock leuconedys and western Hoolock hoolock hoolock gibbons (Das et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent studies on Indian primates show declining population trends, even in protected areas

Hameed,

Bashir,

Ali

et al. 2023

Oryx

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Population size and geographical range are the key quantitative criteria used by the IUCN to assess the conservation status of a species. However, such information is often incomplete and inconsistent, even for seemingly abundant species. To assess the population and conservation status of Indian primates, we conducted a systematic review of recent research using the searching, appraisal, synthesis and analysis (SALSA) approach. We reviewed a total of 41 studies on Indian primates conducted during the last 2 decades (2000–2021) for information on various parameters that influence their conservation. We found that 20 out of a total of 26 primate species were evaluated for their population status, and the majority of these studies (71%) showed an overall declining population trend. Remarkably, all but one of the studies conducted exclusively within protected areas revealed declining population trends, whereas trends were more variable for primate populations in non-protected areas. Our data indicate that only 27% (n = 7) of Indian primate species have been surveyed or re-surveyed to assess their population status within the last 5 years. Although threats vary in time and space from species to species, 78% of the studies recorded natural system modifications including habitat loss and fragmentation among the main threats to the survival of Indian primates. Most studies on the population status of Indian primates have either been spatially limited or used outdated methods. We recommend that future studies adopt robust techniques to estimate populations and work across larger geographical scales to develop effective management strategies for the conservation of primates in India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Recent studies on Indian primates show declining population trends, even in protected areas

Hameed,

Bashir,

Ali

et al. 2023

Oryx

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“…Gibbons are the small apes, among which Hoolock is the genus found in India, with Hoolock hoolock (Western hoolock gibbon) as its sole representative. Gibbon diverged from great apes at about 16-17 million years ago and then the radiation of gibbon family into four genera began at ~6 million years ago (Carbone et al, 2014; Trivedi et al, 2021). Hylobatidae phylogeny is still a matter of debate and is pending to be resolved even after extensive research using various datasets and techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical demography and species distribution models shed light on past speciation in primates of northeast India

Trivedi

Arekar

Umapathy

2023

Preprint

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Objectives: To ascertain the effect of historical demography and past climate change as the drivers of diversity in northeast India. Materials and methods: We took the variant called whole genome files of nine species present in the northeast India from Primate genome sequencing consortium work and assessed each species historic effective population size by using Multiple Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (MSMC) tool. We also constructed species distribution models on past (Pliocene and Pleistocene) and present climate with Maxent, by utilizing publicly available distribution data for each species. Results: We got the effective population sizes for 10 million years ago at most, though we considered the data only till 3.3 million years. All species showed rise and decline at various time periods. The species distribution models showed disparate distribution at all three time points with a genera-wise pattern emerging. Discussion: We found that the evolutionary trajectories of all the four genera into consideration, Macaca, Trachypithecus, Hoolock and Nycticebus are different from each other. Species in Macaca looks to be evolved in northeast as well as come from southeast Asia. Some species of Trachypithecus seems to radiated in the northeast India. Similarly, Hoolock has evolved in the region and Nycticebus is predicted have arrived from Indochina in the region. Hence, this study provides unique insights to the evolutionary dynamics for primate species in the northeast India.

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Western Hoolock (Hoolock hoolock) Gibbons in India

Trivedi

Sree

Biswas³

et al. 2022

Int J Primatol

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Understanding the Phylogenetics of Indian Hoolock Gibbons: Hoolock hoolock and H. leuconedys

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Recent studies on Indian primates show declining population trends, even in protected areas

Recent studies on Indian primates show declining population trends, even in protected areas

Historical demography and species distribution models shed light on past speciation in primates of northeast India

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Western Hoolock (Hoolock hoolock) Gibbons in India

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