Understanding the political economy dynamics of the water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) sector in Rwanda

Tsinda, Aimé; Abbott, Pamela; Chenoweth, Jonathan; Mucyo, Sylvie

doi:10.1080/19463138.2021.1881787

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is not surprising to see comparatively higher stool disposal practices in Rwanda as sanitation is high on the country's development agenda, as indicated in its Poverty-reduction Strategic Papers and National Water Supply and Sanitation policies. 46,47 Evidently, access to improved sanitation facilities in rural areas has doubled between 1990 and 2015. 46 This suggests that institutional commitment to the implementation of proper sanitation policies may go a long way to improve stool disposal practices among mothers in SSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic Disposal of Children’s Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa

Essuman,

Storph,

Ahinkorah

et al. 2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Diarrhoea stools contain infectious agents and pose a public health threat to children and members of the entire family when exposed to them. Therefore, their hygienic disposal is essential. Empirical data are needed to stir the needed public health interventions to encourage or enforce proper disposal practices to curb associated clinical issues. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of hygienic stool disposal practices by mothers of children with diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data of 16 sub-Saharan African countries from 2015 to 2021 involving 22 590 mother-child pairs were analysed. Multilevel binary logistic analysis was conducted to assess the individual- and household-level factors associated with the hygienic disposal of stool practices by mothers of children with diarrhoea. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) at a statistical significance of P < .05. Results: The overall prevalence of hygienic disposal of children’s stools among women of children with diarrhoea was 49.01% (95% CI: 48.40-49.62) and ranged from 15.70% in Liberia to 86.6% in Rwanda. The practice of hygienic disposal of stools of children with diarrhoea was likely to increase among mothers who are working (AOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09-1.30), those with partners with primary level of education (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.31), Muslims (AOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.49-1.91) and widowed/divorced (AOR: 8.94, 95% CI: 3.55-22.53). Again, mothers in the richer (AOR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.39) wealth index had increased odds of disposing of stools hygienically compared to those in the poorest wealth index. Women who were 20 years and above, to who belonged to Traditional Religions (AOR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.74), and those with unimproved sources of water (AOR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) and toilet facilities (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.58-0.69) were less likely to dispose of child’s diarrhoea stool hygienically than their counterparts. Conclusion: The study reveals that the unhygienic disposal of the stool of children with diarrhoea is prevalent in SSA and requires a concerted effort to curb it. Sanitation practices such as educating mothers about hygienic disposal of children’s stool and improving water and sanitation facilities are crucial in lowering the high prevalence of unhygienic disposal of the diarrhoeic stool of children. Additional country-level research is needed to assess children’s defecation behaviours and the disposal of diarrhoeic stools using different methodologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygienic Disposal of Children’s Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa

Essuman,

Storph,

Ahinkorah

et al. 2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…Consistency between the legislation and policy guidance documentation provided at the national level is required to prevent confusion around roles and responsibilities. A wider, integrated policy environment is needed to increase the clarity of roles and responsibilities, reduce fragmentation and support with resource mobilization and local decision-making [42].…”

Section: Legislation and Policy Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of enforcement has been found to be a critical challenge to WSP implementation globally [19]. This lack of resource provision for districts to carry out their mandate, as part of decentralization, is a concern throughout the WASH sector [42]. The lack of specific detail regarding the expectations and activities required to carry out part of a WSP in the legislation may be restricting the ability to enforce WSPs in Rwanda.…”

Section: Legislation and Policy Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Using Risk Assessment to Manage Small Drinking-Water Supplies in Rwanda: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2023

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The World Health Organization promotes risk assessment and risk management through Water Safety Plans (WSPs) as the most effective way to manage drinking-water supplies. Despite proven advantages of this approach in other regions, WSPs are still not widely used across small drinking-water supplies in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this research is to identify good practices and related gaps which may assist with formal uptake of WSPs for small drinking-water supplies in Rwanda. Through semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders involved in small drinking-water supply management across Rwanda, the aim is achieved through the investigation of the following: (i) current drinking-water management challenges; (ii) stakeholder collaboration and data management activities including reporting of information; and (iii) the regulatory and policy environment. The use and awareness of WSPs in Rwanda was confirmed as low. However certain drinking-water management activities which align with the WSP methodology are being carried out. These include catchment management and stakeholder collaboration. Although legislation and policy are in place in Rwanda, communication and training of methods to implement WSPs are required to sustainably embed WSPs into practice. Several elements, including community engagement, systematic review of risks and data management, require greater focus to align with the WSP methodology. Respondents highlighted key drinking-water management challenges, including reactive budgeting and lack of sector prioritization, which could benefit from formal WSP implementation.

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“…Following a history of highly centralised government, decentralisation reforms were introduced in 2000 (Hasselskog & Schierenbeck 2015). However, according to Tsinda et al (2021), here also 'districts have not gained the powers and resources to carry out their mandate'. Individual, institutional and collective sanitation and hygiene targets are set centrally by the Rwanda government in a five-year plan but implemented through annual plans led by district councils.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanising and fostering sub-national government leadership for area-wide sanitation programming

Coultas¹,

Chanza

Iyer

et al. 2022

H2Open Journal

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Government leadership at both the national and sub-national levels is an essential step towards ensuring safely managed sanitation services for all. Though the importance of sub-national government leadership for water, sanitation and hygiene is widely acknowledged, to date much of the focus has been on the delivery of water services. This article sets out to start to address this imbalance by focusing on practical ways to galvanise and foster sub-national government leadership for sanitation programming. By focusing on the experiences across three sub-national areas in East Africa where positive changes in the prioritisation of sanitation by local governments have been witnessed, we (a group of researchers, local government representatives and development partner staff) cross-examine and identify lessons learnt. The results presented in this paper and subsequent discussion provide practical recommendations for those wishing to trigger a change in political will at the local level and create the foundation to strengthen sanitation governance and the wider system needed to ensure service delivery for all.

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Understanding the political economy dynamics of the water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) sector in Rwanda

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Hygienic Disposal of Children’s Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hygienic Disposal of Children’s Stools Practices Among Women of Children With Diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa

Progress of Using Risk Assessment to Manage Small Drinking-Water Supplies in Rwanda: A Preliminary Study

Galvanising and fostering sub-national government leadership for area-wide sanitation programming

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