Understanding the processes in a historically relevant thermal and mineral spring water by using mixing and inverse geochemical models

Olea-Olea, Selene; Escolero, Óscar; Mahlknecht, Jürgen; Mona, Jorge; Ortega, Lucía; Beramendi‐Orosco, Laura; Zamora, Olivia; Tadeo-León, Javier

doi:10.1007/s10653-021-01166-9

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, the water-rock interaction processes in the study area represent an equilibrium system in which minerals are dissolved by hydrolysis and precipitated when the solution is saturated. The presence of Ca 2+ in water is thought to be from the weathering of carbonates (calcite, dolomite and gypsum) and silicate minerals (plagioclase) [36,80,82], in contrast to the Mg 2+ contents, which come from the weathering of silicate (biotite, amphibole) and carbonate (dolomite) minerals [44,45,85,89]. Furthermore, the Na + origin could be related to weathering of plagioclase, albite and amphibole [82][83][84]87], and weathering of andesite rocks may deliver Na + to water [44,45,90].…”

Section: Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of Ca 2+ in water is thought to be from the weathering of carbonates (calcite, dolomite and gypsum) and silicate minerals (plagioclase) [36,80,82], in contrast to the Mg 2+ contents, which come from the weathering of silicate (biotite, amphibole) and carbonate (dolomite) minerals [44,45,85,89]. Furthermore, the Na + origin could be related to weathering of plagioclase, albite and amphibole [82][83][84]87], and weathering of andesite rocks may deliver Na + to water [44,45,90]. At the same time, the K + contents could be related to biotite weathering [44,45,86,89].…”

Section: Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Na + origin could be related to weathering of plagioclase, albite and amphibole [82][83][84]87], and weathering of andesite rocks may deliver Na + to water [44,45,90]. At the same time, the K + contents could be related to biotite weathering [44,45,86,89]. Moreover, the Cl − concentrations can be related to the weathering of hydrosilicate minerals (biotite, amphibole, and phyllosilicates) [45,[91][92][93].…”

Section: Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the K + contents could be related to biotite weathering [44,45,86,89]. Moreover, the Cl − concentrations can be related to the weathering of hydrosilicate minerals (biotite, amphibole, and phyllosilicates) [45,[91][92][93]. Finally, the high values of HCO 3 − could be related to the weathering of carbonate (calcite and dolomite) and silicate (albite, amphibole and kaolinite) minerals [44,45,78,79,83,84].…”

Section: Processes Controlling Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical composition of Lake Alchichica does not display seasonal variations [14,28,31,36], and so geochemical models were used to understand chemical behavior and evolution. Such models have been applied globally (e.g., [37][38][39][40]) and in Mexico (e.g., [41][42][43][44][45]) to quantify dissolution, precipitation, or the evaporation process in groundwater, and identify changes in the water flow trajectories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water–Rock Interaction Processes in Groundwater and Flows in a Maar Lake in Central Mexico

Olea-Olea,

Silva-Aguilera,

Alcocer

et al. 2024

Water

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Tropical maar lakes are distinct ecosystems with unique ecological features. To comprehend, manage, and conserve these lakes, it is essential to understand their water sources, particularly groundwater, and the hydrogeochemical processes shaping their water chemistry. This research focuses on the maar lake Alchichica in central Mexico, known for harboring 18 new and endemic species and a ring of stromatolites. With groundwater discharge as the primary source, concerns arise over anthropic extraction impacts on water levels and stromatolite survival. Sampling six wells and one piezometer revealed major ion (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42−) and trace element (Fe, Al3+, SiO2) concentrations. Geochemical evolution was explored through diagrams, geological sections, and inverse geochemical models using the PHREEQC code. Findings indicate groundwater evolving along controlled flow paths, and influencing chemical composition through water–rock interactions. The lake’s unique conditions, resulting from the mixing of two flows, enable stromatolite formation. Water level reduction appears unrelated to evaporation at the sampled sites, suggesting a need for a broader study in a larger area. Analyzing the maar lake’s hydrochemistry provides valuable insights into unique characteristics supporting high endemism in this ecosystem. This research enhances our understanding of groundwater’s geochemical processes and hydrogeochemical evolution in maar lakes, with potential applications worldwide.

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