Understanding the relationship between violent victimization and gang membership

Katz, Charles M.; Webb, Vincent J.; Fox, Kate; Shaffer, Jennifer N.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.10.004

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Gibson et al 2009), full mediation (e.g. Katz et al 2011), and partial mediation (e.g. Pyrooz et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And with other studies (e.g. Katz et al 2011) finding this relationship is sensitive to model specification, it is unclear whether the link between gang membership and victimization is best described as confounded, direct, or mediated.…”

Section: Advancing Knowledge On the Gang Membership-victimization Linkmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A growing list of empirical studies have established a link between gang membership and violent victimization (Barnes et al 2012;Childs et al 2009;Decker and Pyrooz 2010;DeLisi et al 2009;Fox et al 2013;Gibson et al 2009;Gover et al 2009;Katz et al 2011;Ozer and Engel 2011;Pyrooz et al 2014;Rufino et al 2012;Sweeten et al 2013;Spano et al 2008;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008Zavala and Spohn 2013). Drawn from wide and diverse research designs that span a range of demographic groups and sampling frames, this body of evidence is large enough that few would dispute the fact that gang members are victims of violence at a rate that is much higher than their peers who are not in gangs.…”

Section: Gang Membership and Violent Victimization In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include self-control(Childs et al 2009;Fox et al 2013;Pyrooz et al 2014;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008, neutralizations and peer commitmentTaylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008, routine activities and lifestyles(Katz et al 2011;Pyrooz et al 2014;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008Zavala and Spohn 2013), and social controls(Taylor et al 2007Zavala and Spohn 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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Objectives Gang members are more likely to be victimized violently than non-gang youth, but the extent to which this relationship is confounded, direct, or mediated remains unclear. This study responds to recent calls by scholars for more methodologically sound research in this area with the goal of uncovering the pathways between gang membership and violent victimization.Methods Using a school-based longitudinal sample of adolescents, the current study uses Preacher and Hayes multiple mediator structural equation modeling and counterfactual methodology to test whether and which theoretical pathways-self-control, cultural orientations, routine activity, and lifestyle theory-mediate the contemporaneous and prospective effects of gang membership on violent victimization. ResultsThe results indicate that 27 % of the contemporaneous effects of gang membership on victimization is attributable to selection, with the remaining 73 % endogenous to gang membership, supporting Thornberry et al.'s (J Res Crime Delinquency 30:55-87, 1993) enhancement model. Entry into a gang increases risk taking, temper, self-centeredness, negative peer commitment, neutralization of violence, aggressive conflict resolution, unstructured socializing, and delinquency, and decreases empathy and positive peer commitment. The contemporaneous gang membership-victimization link was fully mediated, due almost entirely to delinquency. Prospective models reveal a gang membership-victimization link that is fully confounded by selection, although attrition and desistance from gangs may be responsible for this finding.Conclusions The existing risky attitudes and behaviors of youth who select into gangs matters a great deal for understanding the gang membership-victimization link, but these very risks are exacerbated upon entry into a gang. Our mediation findings suggest that interventions targeting highly delinquent gang members should pay dual dividends of reducing delinquency and victimization.

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“…Gibson et al 2009), full mediation (e.g. Katz et al 2011), and partial mediation (e.g. Pyrooz et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advancing Knowledge On the Gang Membership-victimization Linkmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Gang Membership and Violent Victimization In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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“…Criminological frameworks extending theories such as delinquent peer association (Katz, Webb, Fox, & Shaffer, 2011;Schreck, Fisher, & Miller, 2004), social interaction (Haynie & Piquero, 2006;Schreck, Burek, Stewart, & Miller, 2007;Silver, Piquero, Jennings, Piquero, & Leiber, 2011), violent attitudes (Stewart, Schreck, & Simons, 2006), self-control (Piquero, MacDonald, Dobrin, Daigle, & Cullen, 2005;Reisig, Pratt, & Holtfreter, 2009;Schreck, 1999;Schreck, Wright, & Miller, 2002), control-balance (Piquero & Hickman, 2003), strain (Agnew, 2002;Hay & Evans, 2006;Manasse & Ganem, 2009;Maschi, Bradley, & Morgen, 2008) and family bonding (Daigle, Beaver, & Hartman, 2008;Esbensen et al, 1999; to victimization have found much empirical support. This implies that not only can demographics help to explain offending and victimization risk but so can similar individual-level theoretical constructs.…”

Section: The Intersection Of Offending and Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%