Understanding the relationship of long working hours with health status and health-related behaviours

Artazcoz, Lucı́a; Cortès, Imma; Escribà‐Agüir, Vicenta; Cascant, Lorena; Villegas, Rodrigo

doi:10.1136/jech.2008.082123

Cited by 152 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The detrimental impact of extreme overtime work has often been demonstrated, but the unfavorable impact of moderately long working hours on health and well-being has not been consistently shown (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Moderately long working hours and their impact on health have been related to family financial stress and the breadwinner role: in situations of family financial stress, breadwinners are likely to be forced to work long hours in order to increase the family income (7,8). Therefore, apart from methodological reasons, the contradictory results of previous studies could be explained by different breadwinner models across countries.…”

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confidence: 44%

“…Some studies have highlighted the crucial role of choice in determining a person's response, in terms of health and well-being, to working long hours (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Two theoretical approaches have been proposed to account for the obligation to work long hours: consumerism and bargaining power (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Long working hours and health in Europe may lead families to desire and expect high levels of consumer spending that traps some family members in situations requiring them to work long hours (8,15). The importance of family financial stress, not only related to consumerism but also to other aspects such as low wages, has been identified as a reason for being forced to work long hours that can lead to poor health outcomes (7,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

Artazcoz¹,

Cortès

Escribà‐Agüir³

et al. 2012

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objectives This study aimed to (i) identify family responsibilities associated with moderately long working hours (41-60 hours a week); (ii) examine the relationship between moderately long working hours and three health outcomes; and (iii) analyze whether patterns differ by welfare state regimes. MethodsThe sample was composed of all employees aged 16-64 years working 30-60 hours a week interviewed in the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey (9288 men and 6295 women). We fitted multiple logistic regression models separated by sex and welfare state regime typologies.Results Married males were more likely to work long hours in countries with male breadwinner models whereas family responsibilities were related to long working hours among both sexes in countries with dual breadwinner models. The association between long working hours and health was (i) stronger among men in countries with male breadwinner models, primarily in Anglo-Saxon countries [adjusted odds ratio (OR adj ) associated with working 51-60 hours of 6.43, 6.04 and 9.60 for work-related poor health status, stress and psychological distress, respectively); (ii) similar among both sexes in Nordic countries; and (iii) stronger among women in Eastern European countries. ConclusionsIn the European Union of 25 members (EU-25), working moderately long hours is associated with poor health outcomes with different patterns depending on welfare state regimes. The findings from this study suggest that the family responsibilities and breadwinner models can help explain the relationship between long working hours and health status.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

Artazcoz¹,

Cortès

Escribà‐Agüir³

et al. 2012

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Data from more than Japanese 50,000 workers from 4 companies were evaluated. The results showing an inverse association between overtime work and prevalence of hypertension contradicted two former studies (Artazcoz et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2006), but confirmed others (Wada et al, 2006;Nakanishi et al, 2001). Despite the large database, the authors highlighted the cross-sectional design as the main study limitation that left the possibility open of residual effects of potential confounders and differences in assessments of overtime and blood pressure evaluation among the companies.…”

Section: Health and Working Timecontrasting

confidence: 53%

21st International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time: The 24/7 Society – From chronobiology to practical life

Fischer

Puttonen

Skene

2014

Chronobiology International

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“…Long working hours increase the risk of various health problems, such as coronary heart diseases, work-related injuries, sleep disorders, and mental disorders (1)(2)(3). Work schedules can affect the length and quality of sleep, leading to low productivity and workplace hazards.…”

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confidence: 99%

Working hours and depressive symptomatology among full-time employees: Results from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2009)

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lim³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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We found an association between long working hours and depressive symptomatology. The full-time employees who worked long hours showed higher prevalence of depressive symptomatology after the data were adjusted for individual characteristics, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and work schedules. Affiliation 515Original article Scand J Work Environ Health. 2013;39(5):515-520. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3356 Working hours and depressive symptomatology among full-time employees: Results from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007Survey ( -2009 Objective This study aimed to examine the distribution of working hours and the association between working hours and depressive symptomatology using representative data from a national, population-based survey. Method Data came from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009),which employed a systematic, stratified cluster-sampling method. We used logistic regression procedures to estimate the importance of weekly working hours as a predictor of depressive symptomatology. ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptomatology was 10.2%. The work week, which averaged 48.3 hours for the sample as a whole, was longer for men (49.8 hours) than women (45.3 hours), and 12.1% of respondents were engaged in shift work. In logistic regression analyses, compared to those working <52 hours per week, the odds ratios (OR) of working hours as a predictor of depressive symptomatology were 1.19 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.77-1.85] for those working 52-59 hours per week and 1.62 (95% CI 1.20-2.18) for those working ≥60 hours per week, after adjustment for demographic characteristics, health behaviors, socioeconomic status, employment status, and work schedules. It showed a positive dose-response relationship between working hours and depressive symptomatology (P=0.0059).Conclusions Working hours in Korea are long. There is an association between working hours and depressive symptomatology, and there seems be a trend in working hours and depressive symptomatology.

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Understanding the relationship of long working hours with health status and health-related behaviours

Cited by 152 publications

References 44 publications

Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

Long working hours and health status among employees in Europe: between-country differences

21st International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time: The 24/7 Society – From chronobiology to practical life

Working hours and depressive symptomatology among full-time employees: Results from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2009)

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