Understanding the role of structural factors and realities in normalizing child labour in urban slums of Bangladesh

Qualitative Analysis of 405 Life Stories from Children Working in the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh

“…The reasons children gave for entering work were varied and complex, though many stated that poverty was a major component of children and their families' decision. While many studies have shown that one of the primary predictors of child labour in Bangladesh is extreme poverty (see Amin, Quayes and Rives (2004) and Salmon (2005)), others have also argued that economic factors alone cannot predict child labour (Delap 2001;Hoque 2023). These stories provide a nuanced and contextualised account of how family poverty combines with children's perceptions of family responsibility, community and family perceptions of children's 'idleness', children's experiences of education, and so forth, to create push and pull factors which facilitate children's pathways into worst forms of child labour.…”

“…;Hoque 2023) argue that parental attitudes towards idleness push children into work. The children's life stories support these conclusions and strengthen them by providing evidence from the perspective of children whose narratives indicate a strong societal aversion to idleness in children.…”

Rohingya Refugee Education in Malaysia: An Analysis of Current Standards and Challenges

“…Since the country is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 protocol, ensuring educational rights to Rohingyas remains unattainable [28]. Although the country allowed non-formal education to huge numbers of Rohingya children in 2020 through NGO-run learning centers, the scope remains critically limited and ineffective [27,29,30]. However, most of the Rohingyas have not received the status of 'registered refugee', which makes the case even more complicated and makes them even more vulnerable.…”