Understanding the Scourge of HIV/AIDS in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Inungu, Joseph; Karl, Sarah

doi:10.1186/1758-2652-8-4-30

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, other reasons for the high rate of HIV infection among females could be due to widow inheritance and polygamy, which are common practices in some parts of southern and eastern Africa [39]. As a tradition in some African cultures, a woman whose husband is dead is forced to marry the husband's younger brother to continue as a member of the family [40]. This is a common practice among two tribes (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of factors associated with HIV infection in Malawi: indicators for effective prevention

Nutor

Duah²,

Agbadi

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: The objective of this study was to model the predictors of HIV prevalence in Malawi through a complex sample logistic regression and spatial mapping approach using the national Demographic and Health Survey datasets. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey and AIDS Indicator Survey. The analysis was performed in three stages while incorporating population survey sampling weights to: i) interpolate HIV data, ii) identify the spatial clusters with the high prevalence of HIV infection, and iii) perform a multivariate complex sample logistic regression. Results: In all, 14,779 participants were included in the analysis with an overall HIV prevalence of 9% (7.0% in males and 10.8% in females). The highest prevalence was found in the southern region of Malawi (13.2%), and the spatial interpolation revealed that the HIV epidemic is worse at the southeastern part of Malawi. The districts in the high HIV prevalent zone of Malawi are Thyolo, Zomba, Mulanje, Phalombe and Blantyre. In central and northern region, the district HIV prevalence map identified Lilongwe in the central region and Karonga in the northern region as districts that equally deserve attention. People residing in urban areas had a 2.2 times greater risk of being HIVpositive compared to their counterparts in the rural areas (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.57-2.97). Other independent predictors of HIV prevalence were gender, age, marital status, number of lifetime sexual partners, extramarital partners, the region of residence, condom use, history of STI in the last 12 months, and household wealth index. Disaggregated analysis showed in-depth sociodemographic regional variations in HIV prevalence. Conclusion: These findings identify high-risk populations and regions to be targeted for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) campaigns, HIV testing, treatment and education to decrease incidence, morbidity, and mortality related to HIV infection in Malawi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of factors associated with HIV infection in Malawi: indicators for effective prevention

Nutor

Duah²,

Agbadi

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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“…In Africa and as shown in this study, migratory movement is dominated by people in the sexually active and economically productive age group; usually most are unmarried, or if married unaccompanied by spouses, and often "lack basic skills to compete for jobs in the new destination" (Anarfi, 1993:3). The emotional and psychological stress of adjusting to a new environment (where there are no friends, cultural controls or jobs and being away from spouses and loved ones) creates conditions for possible involvement in sexual activities with multiple partners, which is likely to increase the risk of HIV infection (Anarfi, 1993;Inungu and Karl, 2006;Lagarde et al, 2003). To buttress this point, here is what a male interviewee in one of the in-depth interviews had to say:…”

Section: Number Of Years As Migrantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some people scared of the social consequences of testing positive for HIV defer getting tested (Tenkorang and Owusu, 2010). Similarly, due to the negative social effects of testing positive for HIV, some people utterly reject the results of the testand do not believe they have HIV, living in total denial of the reality (Inungu and Karl, 2006;Rankin, 2005). Individuals who do not know their HIV status because they have not been tested and those in denial of their HIV status are less likely to live healthy lives, such as eating well and taking medication.…”

Section: Stigma Living In Denial Of Hiv Status Non-disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

High HIV/AIDS Prevalence in a Suburban Area in Ghana: A Context Analysis of Its Relationship to Human Trafficking

Langmagne

2019

Journal of Human Trafficking

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“…15) in SSA people. Further, the cultural practice of polygamy allows a man to have multiple wives [ 19 ]. Such social and cultural practices are increasingly associated with increased risks for HIV transmission [ 14 , 17 – 21 ], however, Sawers [ 22 ] suggests biomedical determinants such as sexually transmitted coinfections and inflammatory or ulcerating pathology are more significant factors for increased HIV transmission in SSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring HIV risks, testing and prevention among sub-Saharan African community members in Australia

Mullens

Kelly

Debattista

et al. 2018

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundSignificant health disparities persist regarding new and late Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnoses among sub-Saharan African (SSA) communities in Australia. Personal/cultural beliefs and practices influence HIV (risk, prevention, testing) within Australia and during visits to home countries.MethodA community forum was conducted involving 23 male and female adult African community workers, members and leaders, and health workers; facilitated by cultural workers and an experienced clinician/researcher. The forum comprised small/large group discussions regarding HIV risk/prevention (responses transcribed verbatim; utilising thematic analysis).ResultsStigma, denial, social norms, tradition and culture permeated perceptions/beliefs regarding HIV testing, prevention and transmission among African Australians, particularly regarding return travel to home countries.ConclusionsInternational travel as a risk factor for HIV acquisition requires further examination, as does the role of the doctor in HIV testing and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Further assessment of PrEP as an appropriate/feasible intervention is needed, with careful attention regarding negative community perceptions and potential impacts.

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Understanding the Scourge of HIV/AIDS in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Spatial analysis of factors associated with HIV infection in Malawi: indicators for effective prevention

Spatial analysis of factors associated with HIV infection in Malawi: indicators for effective prevention

High HIV/AIDS Prevalence in a Suburban Area in Ghana: A Context Analysis of Its Relationship to Human Trafficking

Exploring HIV risks, testing and prevention among sub-Saharan African community members in Australia

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