Understanding the structure and structural degradation mechanisms in high-voltage, lithium-manganese–rich lithium-ion battery cathode oxides: A review of materials diagnostics

Mohanty, Debasish; Li, Jianlin; Nagpure, Shrikant C.; Wood, David L.; Daniel, Claus

doi:10.1557/mre.2015.16

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The

(I (006) + I (102)) / I (101)

ratio (or so called R-factor) informs about the hexagonal ordering of the crystal structure of the electrodes. In practice, a small ratio translates into a good separation in the transition metal and the

L i^{+}

respective planes [38,39] yielding to a good hexagonal ordering [40]. With a higher R factor after cycling, it is found that the hexagonal ordering of the initially delithiated electrodes is affected by ageing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Ageing of High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries—Comprehensive Electrochemical Diffusivity Studies of Harvested Nickel Manganese Cobalt Electrodes

et al. 2018

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This paper examines the impact of the characterisation technique considered for the determination of the Li+ solid state diffusion coefficient in uncycled as in cycled Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC) electrodes. As major characterisation techniques, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were systematically investigated. Li+ diffusion coefficients during the lithiation process of the uncycled and cycled electrodes determined by CV at 3.71 V are shown to be equal to 3.48×10−10 cm2·s−1 and 1.56×10−10 cm2·s−1 , respectively. The dependency of the Li+ diffusion with the lithium content in the electrodes is further studied in this paper with GITT and EIS. Diffusion coefficients calculated by GITT and EIS characterisations are shown to be in the range between 1.76×10−15 cm2·s−1 and 4.06×10−12 cm2·s−1, while demonstrating the same decreasing trend with the lithiation process of the electrodes. For both electrode types, diffusion coefficients calculated by CV show greater values compared to those determined by GITT and EIS. With ageing, CV and EIS techniques lead to diffusion coefficients in the electrodes at 3.71 V that are decreasing, in contrast to GITT for which results indicate increasing diffusion coefficient. After long-term cycling, ratios of the diffusion coefficients determined by GITT compared to CV become more significant with an increase about 1 order of magnitude, while no significant variation is seen between the diffusion coefficients calculated from EIS in comparison to CV.

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“…The

(I (006) + I (102)) / I (101)

L i^{+}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Ageing of High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries—Comprehensive Electrochemical Diffusivity Studies of Harvested Nickel Manganese Cobalt Electrodes

et al. 2018

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“…1). Considerable work has been applied to the development of new positive electrode materials as discussed by Mohanty et al [25]. The negative electrode is typically formed of carbonaceous materials such as graphite, whereby intercalation compounds can be formed, LiCx (Eqn.…”

Section: Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in X-ray tomography characterization for electrochemical devices

et al. 2019

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Over the last century, X-ray imaging instruments and their accompanying tomographic reconstruction algorithms have developed considerably. With improved tomogram quality and resolution, voxel sizes down to tens of nanometres can now be achieved. Moreover, recent advancements in readily accessible lab-based X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) instruments have produced spatial resolutions comparable to specialist synchrotron facilities. Electrochemical energy conversion devices, such as fuel cells and batteries, have inherently complex electrode microstructures to achieve competitive power delivery for consideration as replacements for conventional sources. With resolution capabilities spanning tens of microns to tens of nanometres, X-ray CT has become widely employed in the three-dimensional (3D) characterisation of electrochemical materials. The ability to perform multiscale imaging has enabled characterisation from system-down to particle-level, with the ability to resolve critical features within device microstructures. X-ray characterisation presents a favourable alternative to other 3D methods such as focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, due to its non-destructive nature, which allows four-dimensional (4D) studies, three spatial dimensions plus time, linking structural dynamics to device performance and lifetime. X-ray CT has accelerated research from fundamental understanding of the links between cell structure and performance, to the improvement in manufacturing and scale-up of full electrochemical cells. Furthermore, this has aided in the mitigation of degradation and celllevel failures such as thermal runaway. This review presents recent developments in the use of X-ray CT as a characterisation method and its role in the advancement of electrochemical materials engineering.

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“…LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) is a class of cathode material attractive for the electric vehicle applications [36][37][38][39]. NMC is generally comprised of alternating Li and transition-metal layers where the composition of Ni, Mn, and Co can be tuned to optimize the performance in capacity, cyclic rate, electrochemical stability, and lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid indentation analysis of mechanical properties of composite electrodes in Li-ion batteries

Vasconcelos

et al. 2016

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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Electrodes in commercial rechargeable batteries are microscopically heterogeneous materials. The constituent components, including active materials, polymeric binders, and porous conductive matrix, often have large variation in their mechanical properties, making the mechanical characterization of composite electrodes a challenging task. In a model system of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode, we employ the instrumented grid indentation to determine the elastic modulus and hardness of the constituent phases. The approach relies on a large array of nanoindentation experiments and statistical analysis of the resulting data provided that the maximum indentation depth is carefully chosen. The statistically extracted properties of the active particles and the surrounding medium are in good agreement with the tests of targeted indentation at selected sites. The combinatory technique of grid indentation and statistical deconvolution represents a fast and reliable route to quantify the mechanical properties of composite electrodes that feed the parametric input for the mechanics models.

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Understanding the structure and structural degradation mechanisms in high-voltage, lithium-manganese–rich lithium-ion battery cathode oxides: A review of materials diagnostics

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 47 publications

References 108 publications

On the Ageing of High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries—Comprehensive Electrochemical Diffusivity Studies of Harvested Nickel Manganese Cobalt Electrodes

On the Ageing of High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries—Comprehensive Electrochemical Diffusivity Studies of Harvested Nickel Manganese Cobalt Electrodes

Developments in X-ray tomography characterization for electrochemical devices

Grid indentation analysis of mechanical properties of composite electrodes in Li-ion batteries

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