Understanding the sulfate attack of Portland cement–based materials exposed to applied electric fields: Mineralogical alteration and migration behavior of ionic species

Li, Chen; Jiang, Zhengwu; Myers, Rupert J.; Chen, Qing; Wu, Mei; Li, Jiaqi; Monteiro, Paulo J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103630

Cited by 48 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…NaOH (2610 mg L −1 ), KOH (9043 mg L −1 ), and Ca(OH) 2 (166.4 mg L −1 ) were dissolved in water to create an alkaline environment and 10 mg of each polymer powders were dispersed in 10 mL of solution and kept under stirring for two weeks. [26,27] The degradation was evaluated by tracking the particle size distribution at different time points. To measure it, DLS was performed on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument at a scattering angle of 173°(backscatter).…”

Section: Degradation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redispersible Polymer Powders with High Bio‐Based Content from Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Zanoni

Casiraghi

Pò

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Redispersible polymer powders (RDPPs), i.e., additives obtained from core-shell nanoparticles and commercialized in the form of a dry powder, find intensive application in the concrete industry. However, they are mainly produced from fossil resources. Therefore, the development of bio-based RDPPs is important to reduce the carbon footprint of these additives. In this work, two types of core-shell nanoparticles with a high percentage of bio-based content are synthesized and show to be good candidates as RDPPs. In the first case, up to 75% of bio-based content is obtained by combining lauryl acrylate, derived from coconut and palm kernel oil, as main core material, with isobornyl methacrylate, coming from pine resin, exploited to create the outer harder shell. In the second case, a degradable macromonomer obtained by the ring opening polymerization of lactide using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as initiator is used as the core-forming monomer to obtain degradable RDPPs. In both cases, the particles are synthesized with a two-step emulsion polymerization process conducted in one pot and then spray-dried to obtain the RDPPs of interest. The morphology and redispersibility of the powders are characterized. Finally, their use as concrete additives is preliminarily assessed by evaluating their effect on changes in the surface morphologies of concrete specimens.

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Section: Degradation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redispersible Polymer Powders with High Bio‐Based Content from Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Zanoni

Casiraghi

Pò

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Diffusion is caused mainly by the concentration gradient of ions and from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration. Electrical potential gradients are generated in the pore solution owing to the interaction between ions with different drifting velocities . The chemical activity effect accounts for various interactions of multiple ions in the tunnel lining concrete pore solution .…”

Section: Chemo-damage-transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical potential gradients are generated in the pore solution owing to the interaction between ions with different drifting velocities. 58 The chemical activity effect accounts for various interactions of multiple ions in the tunnel lining concrete pore solution. 59 In non-isothermal systems, the ion flux would also be affected by the temperature gradient controlled by thermal diffusion.…”

Section: ■ Chemo-damage-transport Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Sulfate Attack and Chemo-Damage-Transport Model of Sulfate Ions for Tunnel Lining Concrete under the Action of Loading and Flowing Groundwater

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, resistance to sulfate attack and a chemo-damage-transport model of sulfate ions for tunnel lining concrete under the action of loading and flowing groundwater are investigated. The results show that in the initial stage of erosion, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of tunnel lining concrete and the sulfate ion concentration increase gradually. However, in the subsequent stage of erosion, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of tunnel lining concrete decreases gradually, and the increase in sulfate ion concentration accelerates. The defects of the tunnel lining concrete in the tensile zone and compressive zone can be expanded and closed, respectively, under the action of the loading. Meanwhile, the tunnel lining concrete can be corroded under the action of flowing groundwater. Therefore, the sulfate ion concentration in the tensile zone is the highest under the action of loading and flowing groundwater. The second highest value is obtained under the action of only flowing groundwater, which is followed by the action of static groundwater. The sulfate ion concentration in the pressure zone is the lowest under the action of loading and flowing groundwater. The chemical reaction in the process of sulfate erosion, damage of tunnel lining concrete by crystallization pressure and loading, and influence of flowing groundwater dissolution on calcium leaching are considered in combination, and a weight coefficient is introduced to characterize the influence of pore structure on the crystallization pressure. Finally, a chemo-damage-transport model of sulfate ions is established and its rationality is verified.

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“…In addition, the electric field was used to speed up sulfate attack. The mineralogical alteration and migration behavior of ionic species in cement-based materials under electric field with sulfate attack was analyzed (Li et al 2020). Since the electric field has been adopted to accelerate chloride-induced corrosion or sulfate attack, it is of great potential to speed up the degradation of RC members under combined chloride-sulfate attack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electric Field on the Degradation Process of Reinforced Mortar under Chloride and Sulfate Attack

Yu,

Li,

Chang

et al. 2023

16th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components

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This study investigated the degradation mechanism behind the reinforced mortar exposed to chloride, sulfate and electric field. The steel-mortar samples were exposed to 5% Na2SO4, 5% NaCl + 5% Na2SO4 solutions and deionized water in two regimes (full immersion and direct current electric field). The efficiencies of three current densities were compared as well. The total and free sulfate ion content in the mortar were measured. The microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted. The results indicated that the electric field drastically increased the ingress of sulfate, as well as the sulfate reaction. Meanwhile, the current attenuated the interaction between chloride and sulfate. The increase in current density decreased the efficiency of degradation acceleration. An acceleration factor (AF) was proposed based on the comparison between the number of ions in the mortar under electric field and immersion. Findings from this study are beneficial to develop a reliable acceleration method for the long-term performance of RC structures under chloride and sulfate attack.

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Understanding the sulfate attack of Portland cement–based materials exposed to applied electric fields: Mineralogical alteration and migration behavior of ionic species

Cited by 48 publications

References 73 publications

Redispersible Polymer Powders with High Bio‐Based Content from Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Redispersible Polymer Powders with High Bio‐Based Content from Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Resistance to Sulfate Attack and Chemo-Damage-Transport Model of Sulfate Ions for Tunnel Lining Concrete under the Action of Loading and Flowing Groundwater

Effect of Electric Field on the Degradation Process of Reinforced Mortar under Chloride and Sulfate Attack

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