Understanding the Toxic Actions of Organophosphates

Savolainen, Kai

doi:10.1016/b978-012426260-7.50053-7

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(253 reference statements)

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“…9 Besides, it has been postulated that OP produced oxidative stress in different tissues, such as kidney of rats and mice, through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 10 Melissa officinalis belongs to the Laminaceae family, being a perennial herb. Preparations derived from the aerial part of M. officinalis are often used in folk medicine for the treatment of fevers and colds, indigestion associated with nervous tension, hyperthyroidism, depression, mild insomnia, epilepsy, headaches, toothaches, flatulence, colic, nausea, nervousness, anaemia, vertigo, syncope, malaise, asthma, bronchitis, amenorrhea, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, depression, psychosis, hysteria, ulcers, wounds, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative Role of Melissa officinalis against Hepatorenal Toxicities of Organophosphorus Malathion in Male Rats

El-Raheem¹

2015

MOJT

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It has been confirmed that organophosphorus compounds OP altered glucose homeostasis. Considerable experimental and clinical evidences have contributed the beneficial effects of antioxidant compounds in plant extract on hepatorenal toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Melissa officinalis extract, was able to ameliorative hepatorenal injury induced by organophosphorus Malathion. Malathion at 27mg/kg bw was administered to rats alone or in combination with Melissa officinalis extract at 200mg/kg bw. Malathion decreases feed intake and body weight as well as liver and kidneys weight. Moreover, Malathion increases the levels of various serum marker enzymes AST, ALT and ALP. A significant increase in the level of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine in response to ML treatment. As well as ML induced increase in MDA in liver and kidneys while induced decreases in the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT. Co-administration of malathion with Melissa officinalis extract resulted in restoration of all tested parameter. These results may be due to the significant increase recorded in acetylcholine esterase (Ach E) activity invivo after co administration of malathion and Melissa officinalis extract. In histological study of liver and kidney, Malathion induced damage in liver and kidneys. However, MO administration to ML-treated animals resulted in overall improvement in liver and kidneys damage, emphasizing its antioxidant role. In light of the available data, it can deduce that ML-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, liver and kidneys damage rats, and conjoint supplementation of MO has resulted in pronounced ameliorating effect in all tested parameter and histological picture of liver and kidney. MOJ Toxicology Research ArticleOpen Access Ameliorative role of melissa officinalis against hepatorenal toxicities of organophosphorus malathion in male rats 104Copyright: ©2015 Sief et al. Citation:Sief MM, Khalil FA, Abou-Arab AA, et al. Ameliorative role of melissa officinalis against hepatorenal toxicities of organophosphorus malathion in male rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative Role of Melissa officinalis against Hepatorenal Toxicities of Organophosphorus Malathion in Male Rats

El-Raheem¹

2015

MOJT

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“…Com a inibição da AChE, a acetilcolina (ACh), principal substrato dessa enzima (cuja ação é mediada pelos receptores nicotínicos e muscarínicos) fi ca acumulada e começam a surgir os sintomas neurológicos da contaminação (SAVOLAINEN, 2001). Os mecanismos gerais de ações neurotóxicas ocasionadas por esse grupo de agrotóxicos são bem conhecidos, entretanto ainda são escassos estudos acerca dos mecanismos moleculares subjacentes (MARONI et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Os mecanismos gerais de ações neurotóxicas ocasionadas por esse grupo de agrotóxicos são bem conhecidos, entretanto ainda são escassos estudos acerca dos mecanismos moleculares subjacentes (MARONI et al, 2000). Mesmo em concentrações insufi cientes para causar a inibição da AChE há evidências de que os organofosforados podem alterar in vitro alguns processos celulares (SAVOLAINEN, 2001; EATON et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

TOXICIDADE AGUDA E GENOTOXICIDADE DO AGROTÓXICO COMERCIAL FOLISUPER 600BR A GIRINOS DE Physalaemus cuvieri (ANURA: LEIUPERIDAE)

Silva

Loiola²,

Pereira³

et al. 2013

PES

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Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a toxicidade e a genotoxicidade do inseticida organofosforado paration metílico à espécie de anfi bios Physalaemus cuvieri. O primeiro passo consistiu na análise da toxicidade direta do agrotóxico pela condução de experimentos que possibilitassem conhecer a sua Concentração Letal (CL 50 ). Em seguida, foi avaliado o potencial genotóxico de uma formulação comercial do inseticida, mediante a realização do Ensaio Cometa em girinos pré-metamorfos da mesma espécie. O produto comercial, Folisuper 600BR, apresentou CL 50 -96 h de 0,36 mgL -1 a girinos de P. cuvieri. Observou-se que o composto também pode induzir danos ao DNA em concentrações entre 0,1 a 1000 μgL -1 , o que comprova a sua signifi cativa genotoxicidade à espécie estudada, acarretando sérios desequilíbrios nos ambientes aquáticos devido principalmente aos impactos adicionais sobre a cadeia trófi ca.

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“…Organophosphates (OPs) constitute a class of insecticides, whose primary target is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter at the central and peripheral neuronal synapses [3][4][5]. Moreover, many authors postulate that these compounds, both in acute and chronic intoxication, change the activities of antioxidative enzymes and cause enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the kidney, liver and brain [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorfenvinphos (2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) vinyl diethyl phosphate, CVP) is an organophosphate insecticide, posing a risk to those who are professionally involved in its production and use in agriculture, as well as to the general population that may be exposed through the consumption of polluted food products or water [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

Lukaszewicz-Hussain

2009

Open Medicine

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AbstractChlorfenvinphos is an organophosphate insecticide, posing a risk to those who are professionally involved in its production and use in agriculture, as well as to the general population. Organophosphates (OPs) are the class of insecticides, whose primary target is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter at the central and peripheral neuronal synapses. Moreover, many authors postulate that these compounds, both in acute and chronic intoxication, change the activities of antioxidative enzymes, thus leading to the enhancement of lipid peroxidation in many tissues. In the current study, animals received once a day, intragastrically with a stomach tube, 0.1ml/100g of olive oil (control groups) and oil solution of chlorfenvinphos at a dose of 0.02LD50 (0.3 mg/kg b. w.) — the experimental groups. The animals were sacrificed on day 14 or on day 28 of exposure. In the kidneys of rats, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as reduced glutathione level (GSH) were determined. Chlorfenvinphos administration resulted in increased activities of antioxidative enzymes in the kidney of rats. Renal activities of SOD, GPx and GR were more pronounced on day 28 of chlorfenvinphos exposure than on day 14. The kidney reduced glutathione level (GSH) did not change in comparison to the control level. The current experimental findings indicate that subchronic administration of chlorfenvinphos leads to an adaptive response in the kidney of rats and this response is mostly due to reduced glutathione level and glutathione metabolism.

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Understanding the Toxic Actions of Organophosphates

Cited by 23 publications

References 165 publications

Ameliorative Role of Melissa officinalis against Hepatorenal Toxicities of Organophosphorus Malathion in Male Rats

Ameliorative Role of Melissa officinalis against Hepatorenal Toxicities of Organophosphorus Malathion in Male Rats

TOXICIDADE AGUDA E GENOTOXICIDADE DO AGROTÓXICO COMERCIAL FOLISUPER 600BR A GIRINOS DE Physalaemus cuvieri (ANURA: LEIUPERIDAE)

Changes in antioxidative parameters in the kidney of rats subchronically intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos — an organophosphate insecticide

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