“…Among various qNMR techniques, 1D 1 H qNMR is extensively used for quantitative metabolomics in complex biological samples (see Table 1), which is mainly classified as: (a) biofluids, such as plasma [71], serum [72][73][74][75][76][77], urine [71][72][73]76,[78][79][80], and cerebral spinal fluid [72]; (b) cell [83,86] and culture media [86,87]; (c) tissue extracts [30,73,88]; (d) plants [89,90]; and (e) microorganisms [73,91]. In spite of a good number of strengths for quantitatively detecting multiple components in complex mixture by 1 H 1D qNMR, its critical drawback is severe spectral overlap.…”