Understanding tourists’ protection motivations when faced with overseas travel after COVID-19: the case of South Koreans travelling to China

COVID-19 vaccine confidence and tourism at the early stage of a voluntary mass vaccination campaign: a PMT segmentation analysis

“…Second, the findings have shown that overall vaccine perceptions related to COVID-19 match the previous literature on general travel vaccine perceptions (Adongo et al, 2021). The LCG perceptions of efficacy, safety, time, and autonomy partially aligns with existing COVID-19 research that suggests that response efficacy predicts the adoption of protection measures (Qiao et al, 2021). This suggests that governmental bodies should conduct COVID-19 vaccine information campaigns that combats misinformation about the vaccines themselves and the institutions delivering themDonabedian.…”

Can Post-Vaccine ‘Vaxication’ Rejuvenate Global Tourism? Nexus between COVID-19 Branded Destination Safety, Travel Shaming, Incentives and the Rise of Vaxication Travel

“…Further studies on PMT validated the theory that the consistent increase in the fear was arousing communication results in proposed adaptive behavior acceptance [68]. PMT has been studied extensively concerning travel behaviors and intentions [4,[69][70][71]. Risk perception is the center of attention of various researchers working on PMT and travel intentions.…”

COVID-19-induced negative emotions and the impacts on personal values and travel behaviors: A threat appraisal perspective

“…In recent decades, PMT has been applied in a wealth of disease prevention and health promotion research to understand individual's adaptive reactions across various health threats ( Floyd et al, 2000 ). The theory has been extended to tourism research to explain travel protective behaviors during the pandemic, including hotel choice, travel propensity, cautious travel and travel avoidance ( Bhati et al, 2021 ; Hsieh, Chen, & Wang, 2021 ; Qiao et al, 2021 ; Rather, 2021 ; Zheng et al, 2021 ). Maddux and Rogers (1983) propose two decision-making behaviors based on the PMT model: the precaution and hyper-defensiveness approaches.…”

“…The exceptional circumstance has amplified fear, anxiety, and other negative emotions ( Fischer, Bortolini, Pilati, Porto, & Moll, 2021 ; Kim, Yang, Min, & White, 2021 ; Mahmud, Talukder, & Rahman, 2021 ), leaving the population splintered with dreadful memories, and irrevocably forced to dwell with the coronavirus ( Gössling et al, 2020 ). Against this background, Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) has garnered much academic attention as a cognitive and affective process to explain the avoidance and cautious travel behavior during COVID-19 ( Qiao, Ruan, & Pabel, 2021 ; Rather, 2021 ; Wang, Liu-Lastres, Ritchie, & Mills, 2019 ; Zheng, Luo, & Ritchie, 2021 ). The theory postulates protective behaviors ensuing from a situational threat such as a health crisis, along with coping appraisals of such a threat ( Rogers, 1975 ).…”