Understanding variability in the permeability of non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements

Effect of fabric architecture, compaction and permeability on through thickness thermoplastic melt impregnation

“…In contrast [42], the second benchmark for the experimental determination of the in-plane permeability, cv within one laboratory was found to be around 15% and 20 % between the partners, which is in good agreement of the cv reached here for most experiments, considering that we used out of plane measurements at very high Vf. There are several possible reasons for the high cv values mentioned above as discussed in [43]. First, the fabric layers can shift relative to each other, and this nesting can block the flow in the pinholes between the tows [44,45].…”