Understanding vegetation variability and their ‘‘hotspots’’ within Lake Victoria Basin (LVB: 2003–2018)

Morgan, B.; Awange, Joseph; Saleem, Ashty; Kexiang, H.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102238

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In this study, the vegetation improvement and degradation areas of the UWNR were mainly prompted by human activities, with action rates of 64.39% and 64.71%, respectively. The results of this study are consisten with those of Morgan et al [31]. By analyzing the vegetation changes in the Lake Victoria basin from 2003 to 2018, these scholars suggested that climate change is the driving force that affects vegetation in the short term, but the long-term impact is mainly driven by human influence.…”

Section: Vegetation Changes and Human Activitiessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Located on the East African Plateau, Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world and an important water source area of the White Nile. Human development and climate change have significantly altered the vegetation characteristics in this area, and human activities are the main driving factors of the vegetation change in the Lake Victoria basin, where the expansion of urbanization occurs at the cost of vegetation [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Changes in the Upper White Nile River

Wang

Mupenzi

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Vegetation changes in the Upper White Nile River (UWNR) are of great significance to the maintenance of local livelihoods, the survival of wildlife, and the protection of species habitats. Based on the GIMMS NDVI3g and MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation changes in the UWNR from 1982 to 2020 were analyzed by a Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The future trend of vegetation was analyzed by the Hurst exponential method. A partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship of the vegetation and climate factors, and a residual trend analysis was used to quantify the influence of climate change and human activities on vegetation change. The results indicated that the average NDVI value (0.75) of the UWNR from 1982 to 2020 was relatively high. The average coefficient of variation for the NDVI was 0.059, and the vegetation change was relatively stable. The vegetation in the UWNR increased 0.013/10 year on average, but the vegetation degradation in some areas was serious and mainly classified as agricultural land. The results of a future trend analysis showed that the vegetation in the UWNR is mainly negatively sustainable, and 62.54% of the vegetation will degrade in the future. The NDVI of the UWNR was more affected by temperature than by precipitation, especially on agricultural land and forestland, which were more negatively affected by warming. Climate change and human activities have an impact on vegetation changes, but the spatial distributions of the effects differ. The relative impact of human activities on vegetation change accounted for 64.5%, which was higher than that of climate change (35.5%). Human activities, such as the large proportion of agriculture, rapid population growth and the rapid development of urbanization were the main driving forces. Establishing a cross-border drought joint early warning mechanism, strengthening basic agricultural research, and changing traditional agricultural farming patterns may be effective measures to address food security and climate change and improve vegetation in the UWNR.

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Section: Vegetation Changes and Human Activitiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Changes in the Upper White Nile River

Wang

Mupenzi

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…The lake has been affected by both human impacts and climate change over the years [ 2 ]. Poor agricultural practices and deforestation have increased the lake’s sedimentation and influx streamflow [ 12 , 32 ]. Climate change has also significantly influenced the lake as it is very sensitive to rainfall and evaporation [ 5 ].…”

Section: Lake Victoriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2019–2020 Rise in Lake Victoria Monitored from Space: Exploiting the State-of-the-Art GRACE-FO and the Newly Released ERA-5 Reanalysis Products

Khaki

Awange

2021

Sensors

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During the period 2019–2020, Lake Victoria water levels rose at an alarming rate that has caused various problems in the region. The influence of this phenomena on surface and subsurface water resources has not yet been investigated, largely due to lack of enough in situ measurements compounded by the spatial coverage of the lake’s basin, incomplete/inconsistent hydrometeorological data, and unavailable governmental data. Within the framework of joint data assimilation into a land surface model from multi-mission satellite remote sensing, this study employs the state-of-art Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment follow-on (GRACE-FO) time-variable terrestrial water storage (TWS), newly released ERA-5 reanalysis, and satellite radar altimetry products to understand the cause of the rise of Lake Victoria on the one hand, and the associated impacts of the rise on the total water storage compartments (surface and groundwater) triggered by the extreme climatic event on the other hand. In addition, the study investigates the impacts of large-scale ocean–atmosphere indices on the water storage changes. The results indicate a considerable increase in water storage over the past two years, with multiple subsequent positive trends mainly induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Significant storage increase is also quantified in various water components such as surface water and water discharge, where the results show the lake’s water level rose by ∼1.4 m, leading to approximately 1750 gigatonne volume increase. Multiple positive trends are observed in the past two years in the lake’s water storage increase with two major events in April–May 2019 and December 2019–January 2020, with the rainfall occurring during the short rainy season of September to November (SON) having had a dominant effect on the lake’s rise.

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“…Its greatest length is about 400 km and its breadth is about 320 km. 1 Using a high spatio-temporal resolution Sentinel-2 remotely sensed images (see Sect. 3.2), Awange et al [5] established the 2018 values to be 386 km (length) and 362 km (width).…”

Section: Lake Victoria Basin: Physical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the entire world, it comes only second to Lake Superior. Within its surrounding, it directly supports a population of more than 76 million East Africa's inhabitants (i.e., 1 3 of the combined population) [5,17], while globally it is the source of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) [3]. So important is the Lake such that Egypt and Sudan entered the Nile treaties of 1929 and 1959 for exclusive use of its waters (see e.g., Sect.…”

Section: Lake Victoria: Benefits and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Victoria: The Mother of the Nile

Awange

2021

The Nile Waters

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Lake Victoria (Fig. 4.1a), the world's third largest lake and the largest in the developing world, is ideally the "mother of the Nile" given the seasonality characteristics of the Blue Nile. It is the source of the White Nile (see Fig. 2.4), which flows from Jinja in Uganda (Fig. 4.1b) to join the Blue Nile (see Chap. 2) in Khartoum (Sudan) to form one Nile and provides water for irrigation, transport, domestic and livestock uses, and supports the livelihood of more than 76 million people who live around it [6,12, 17]. The presentation of this book, therefore, would not be complete without a special coverage of the Lake, which is so vital to the entire Nile River Basin (NRB). Nicholson [14,15] documents its significance as an indicator of environmental and climate change over long-term scales. Since the 1960s, the lake level has experienced significant fluctuation, see e.g., [14,15], which impacts on the overall water budget of the Nile. From 2001 to 2006, for example, its water level showed a dramatic fall that alarmed water resource managers as to whether the lake was actually drying up [21]. Kull [13] reported that the lake's levels fell by more than 1.1 m below the 10 year average. This chapter presents the Lake and its challenges, which are significant for the overal Nile waters. A more detailed elaborate coverage of this precious lake, its potentials and challenges are presented in the books of Awange [6,12].

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Understanding vegetation variability and their ‘‘hotspots’’ within Lake Victoria Basin (LVB: 2003–2018)

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Quantitative Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Changes in the Upper White Nile River

Quantitative Contributions of Climate Change and Human Activities to Vegetation Changes in the Upper White Nile River

The 2019–2020 Rise in Lake Victoria Monitored from Space: Exploiting the State-of-the-Art GRACE-FO and the Newly Released ERA-5 Reanalysis Products

Lake Victoria: The Mother of the Nile

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