Underuse of modern methods of contraception: underlying causes and consequent undesired pregnancies in 35 low- and middle-income countries

Bellizzi, Saverio; Sobel, Howard; Obara, Hiromi; Temmerman, Marleen

doi:10.1093/humrep/deu348

Cited by 57 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…22,25 Nonuse of contraceptions reported by more than twothirds of the study subjects was related to different given reasons, mostly was related to their religious believes followed by fear of side effects and previous experience of method failure and occurrence of pregnancy while using intrauterine device as a contraceptive method. These given reasons were also reported in the study done by Bellizzi et al, 2015 11 who denoted that non-use of contraceptives was mostly reported due to fear of side effects/health concerns, religious opposition to use and underestimated risk of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…During the first year of contraceptive use, 25-27% women stop using 'calendar' and 'withdrawal' methods due to unintended pregnancy, 15% stop using male condoms, 8% oral contraceptives, 3% injectable, 2% lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) and 0.2% intrauterine devices (IUDs). 10,11 Women, especially those with low education, often switch to less-effective traditional methods of contraception. 12 This has slowed progress in attaining MDG 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of modern family planning methods among Saudi women in Taif, KSA

Albezrah

2015

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of modern family planning methods among Saudi women in Taif, KSA

Albezrah

2015

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…Nonuse of modern contraception typically accounts for the vast majority of unintended pregnancy. Ineffective use of modern contraceptives and underuse of effective, long acting methods accounts for the remainder of unintended pregnancies [15,45,46]. For example, long acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCs), which have efficacy rates ranging between 94 and 99%, are used by slightly over half of the women who use contraception [15,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Induced Abortion in Uganda, 2013: New Estimates Since 2003

Prada¹,

Atuyambe²,

Blades³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn Uganda, abortion is permitted only when the life of a woman is in danger. This restriction compels the perpetuation of the practice in secrecy and often under unsafe conditions. In 2003, 294,000 induced abortions were estimated to occur each year in Uganda. Since then, no other research on abortion incidence has been conducted in the country.MethodsData from 418 health facilities were used to estimate the number and rate of induced abortion in 2013. An indirect estimation methodology was used to calculate the annual incidence of induced abortions ─ nationally and by major regions. The use of a comparable methodology in an earlier study permits assessment of trends between 2003 and 2013.ResultsIn 2013, an estimated 128,682 women were treated for abortion complications and an estimated 314,304 induced abortions occurred, both slightly up from 110,000 and 294,000 in 2003, respectively. The national abortion rate was 39 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–49, down from 51 in 2003. Regional variation in abortion rates is very large, from as high as an estimated 77 per 1,000 women 15–49 in Kampala region, to as low as 18 per 1,000 women in Western region. The overall pregnancy rate also declined from 326 to 288; however the proportion of pregnancies that were unintended increased slightly, from 49% to 52%.ConclusionUnsafe abortion remains a major problem confronting Ugandan women. Although the overall pregnancy rate and the abortion rate declined in the past decade, the majority of pregnancies to Ugandan women are still unintended. These findings reflect the increase in the use of modern contraception but also suggest that a large proportion of women are still having difficulty practicing contraception effectively. Improved access to contraceptive services and abortion-related care are still needed.

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“…21 Underuse of modern methods of contraception: underlying causes and consequent undesired pregnancies in 35 low-and middleincome countries. 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Impulsivity, Unplanned Pregnancies, and Contraception Among Women with Bipolar Disorder</p>

Eroğlu¹,

Luş

2020

NDT

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Background: Impulsivity is one of the principal symptoms of bipolar and related disorders (BD). Unsafe sex and unplanned pregnancies are serious problems in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate impulsivity levels, contraception methods, and levels of planned pregnancies among women with bipolar and related disorders (WBD). Methods: Fifty-eight euthymic women with BD (bipolar disorder type I, II, or other) were matched by education levels with a control group of 59 healthy women. Data about their demographic, clinical-Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Young Mania Rating Scale scores-and reproductive health features were obtained and compared between the groups. Results: No difference was found regarding BIS-11 (total, nonplanning, motor, and attentional subscales) scores between the WBD and control groups. The overall rate of contraception use was higher in WBD (96.6%), but they generally preferred "traditional" methods (i.e., withdrawal and calendar). The total rate of unplanned pregnancies in WBD was 49.52%. Rate of unplanned pregnancies in WBD was significantly different from women without bipolar disorder (49.52% vs 15.04%). Discussion: Levels of impulsivity in euthymic WBD under treatment were similar to those of healthy women in the control sample. WBD paid attention to contraception although they usually used traditional methods. The findings indicate that most WBD use contraception, yet the contraception is potentially ineffective especially if WBD have more unplanned pregnancies. The provision of an effective contraception method in WBD is suggested for all clinicians, in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancies, and thus protect the health of both mother and fetus.

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Underuse of modern methods of contraception: underlying causes and consequent undesired pregnancies in 35 low- and middle-income countries

Abstract: No external funding was utilized for this report. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Use of modern family planning methods among Saudi women in Taif, KSA

Use of modern family planning methods among Saudi women in Taif, KSA

Incidence of Induced Abortion in Uganda, 2013: New Estimates Since 2003

<p>Impulsivity, Unplanned Pregnancies, and Contraception Among Women with Bipolar Disorder</p>

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