Underwater blast loading of partially submerged sandwich composite materials in relation to air blast loading response

Rolfe, Emily; Quinn, R.; Irven, George; Brick, David; Dear, John P.; Arora, Hari

doi:10.1016/j.ijlmm.2020.06.003

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…An intermediate step to achieve this goal of continuous monitoring is to link surface mapping techniques such as digital image correlation with volume methods. Our team has extensive experience with these surface strain measurement techniques [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], and recently, groups have published studies exploiting the technique on lungs during mechanical ventilation [ 53 ]. Coupling and correlating imaging modalities can lead to more complete overviews of the mechanics and function without the need to compromise on the in situ loading regime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Local Volumetric Tissue Strains with Global Lung Mechanics Measurements

et al. 2021

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The mechanics of breathing is a fascinating and vital process. The lung has complexities and subtle heterogeneities in structure across length scales that influence mechanics and function. This study establishes an experimental pipeline for capturing alveolar deformations during a respiratory cycle using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-micro-CT). Rodent lungs were mechanically ventilated and imaged at various time points during the respiratory cycle. Pressure-Volume (P-V) characteristics were recorded to capture any changes in overall lung mechanical behaviour during the experiment. A sequence of tomograms was collected from the lungs within the intact thoracic cavity. Digital volume correlation (DVC) was used to compute the three-dimensional strain field at the alveolar level from the time sequence of reconstructed tomograms. Regional differences in ventilation were highlighted during the respiratory cycle, relating the local strains within the lung tissue to the global ventilation measurements. Strains locally reached approximately 150% compared to the averaged regional deformations of approximately 80–100%. Redistribution of air within the lungs was observed during cycling. Regions which were relatively poorly ventilated (low deformations compared to its neighbouring region) were deforming more uniformly at later stages of the experiment (consistent with its neighbouring region). Such heterogenous phenomena are common in everyday breathing. In pathological lungs, some of these non-uniformities in deformation behaviour can become exaggerated, leading to poor function or further damage. The technique presented can help characterize the multiscale biomechanical nature of a given pathology to improve patient management strategies, considering both the local and global lung mechanics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Local Volumetric Tissue Strains with Global Lung Mechanics Measurements

et al. 2021

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“…Rolfe et al 71 further conducted experiments focusing on the response of UNDEX blast resilience of hybrid composites (carbon and glass) and comparing them to AIREX response. In this study, the UNDEX and AIREX experiments were rightly characterized as near-field and far-field correcting the comparison proposed in previous studies.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in naval composite and sandwich structures for blast and implosion mitigations

Wanchoo

Kishore

Pandey

et al. 2022

Jnl of Sandwich Structures & Materials

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Naval structures owing to their operational conditions get exposed to extreme loadings and environments. Along with blasts generated through explosion events, enclosed naval structures are also vulnerable to structural dynamic instability, leading to implosion and catastrophic failure. This review explores state of the art in research work carried out to understand the deformation and damage mechanism of naval sandwich structures both on the surface and deep-sea environments. A brief overview of the current understanding regarding the response of sandwich structures to air shock, underwater shock, and implosion owing to dynamic instability is provided. The effect of environmental conditions on the dynamic response of these structures is also discussed. The article further discusses various mitigation techniques proposed to improve the blast and implosion mitigation of sandwich structures and points out the current research gaps existing in the common understanding.

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“…More recently, many researchers have implemented digital image correlation. For example, Arora and Rolfe 18,19 used DIC in their investigation of blast loading on sandwich composites. Other authors including Koohbor and Lee and Tippur 20–22 used DIC in their investigation of the dynamic fracture behavior of ambient condition carbon/epoxy composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic fracture behavior of hygrothermally degraded carbon epoxy composites

Pittman

Lamberson

2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Composite structures used in aerospace, automotive, and military applications are often subjected to aggressive marine or water environments during their service life that can cause material degradation over time. Many composites absorb moisture when exposed to wet environments which may affect their microstructure, consequently influencing their bulk material properties and performance. Additionally, certain applications may require them to be subjected to seawater environments where the addition of saline can further degrade the material over time. This experimental investigation examines the effects of moisture absorption and saline on the dynamic fracture behavior of unidirectional carbon epoxy composites. To accelerate mass absorption, samples were soaked in elevated temperature baths (70°C) of either ASTM standard seawater or distilled water. To explore the role of absorption duration on the dynamic fracture behavior, soaking time varied between 3.5 hours and longer than 4 months. Pre-cracked specimens were impacted using a long-bar striker device at 4 m/s, to instigate a dominantly Mode-I (opening) fracture response. Digital image correlation was used in conjunction with ultra-high-speed imaging to track the crack tip surface displacements and an elastodynamic solution for an orthotropic material leveraged to extract the stress intensity factor (SIF) up to and at initiation. The critical SIF of the soaked samples is compared with results from a group of ambient condition, unsoaked samples. Results suggest that moisture absorption causes the matrix to expand and introduce microcracks or delamination between plies as the composite swells to accommodate the additional water, inversely affecting the material resistance to fracture.

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Underwater blast loading of partially submerged sandwich composite materials in relation to air blast loading response

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Correlating Local Volumetric Tissue Strains with Global Lung Mechanics Measurements

Correlating Local Volumetric Tissue Strains with Global Lung Mechanics Measurements

Advances in naval composite and sandwich structures for blast and implosion mitigations

Dynamic fracture behavior of hygrothermally degraded carbon epoxy composites

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