Underwater optical communication characteristics, current situation and prospects

Ren, Yanru; Siguang, Zong

doi:10.1117/12.2605893

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These are just two encouraging examples worked out in this paper, noting that our single-photon/Joule-pulse is a highly-idealized threshold for transmission of decodable information. Ren and Zong[4] surveyed real-world experiments and find them to use roughy one order-of-magnitude shorter ranges than in the present study. We attribute this difference to the actual transmitted power, finite bandwidths, and specific encoding techniques (modulation, multiplexing, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Table 2 lists values of the absorption (𝑎) and scattering (𝑏) coefficients used in recent papers on underwater optical communication [4] as well as oceanic lidar systems [12]. Other quantities that depend on these are listed as well.…”

Section: Assumed Oceanic Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although techniques such as magnetic induction may work better than RF in water, magnetic fields can also experience exponential signal attenuation if the communication channel is made up of material with high tangent loss (Dolinar et al, publication in preparation). The most widely used technique is acoustic with some international standards defined [2], but the technique has limited bandwidth and range [3,4] and there is a desire to for a better system. Much as it does in space, free space optical communications offers the promise of high bandwidth, low-mass, low-power, secure communications.…”

Section: Introduction and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much as it does in space, free space optical communications offers the promise of high bandwidth, low-mass, low-power, secure communications. However, the high scattering and absorption quickly attenuates the beam and has so far limited the experimentally-achievable range to less than a kilometer [4].…”

Section: Introduction and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analytical propagation model for underwater free-space optical communication through realistic levels of oceanic absorption and scattering

Davis,

Roberts,

Dolinar

et al. 2024

Appl. Opt.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical communications (OC) through water bodies is an attractive technology for a variety of applications. Thanks to current single-photon detection capabilities, OC receiver systems can reliably decode very weak transmitted signals. This is the regime where pulse position modulation is an ideal scheme. However, there has to be at least one photon that goes through the pupil of the fore optics and lands in the assigned time bin. We estimate the detectable photon budget as a function of range for propagation through ocean water, both open and coastal. We make realistic assumptions about the water’s inherent optical properties, specifically, absorption and scattering coefficients, as well as the strong directionality of the scattering phase function for typical hydrosol populations. We adopt an analytical (hence very fast) path-integral small-angle solution of the radiative transfer equation for multiple forward-peaked scattering across intermediate to large optical distances. Integrals are performed both along the directly transmitted beam (whether or not it is still populated) and radially away from it. We use this modeling framework to estimate transmission of a 1 J pulse of 532 nm light through open ocean and coastal waters. Thresholds for single-photon detection per time bin are a few km and a few 100 m. These are indicative estimates that will be reduced in practice due to sensor noise, background light, turbulence, bubbles, and so on, to be included in future work.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Assumed Oceanic Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations