Underwater radiated noise from marine vessels: A review of noise reduction methods and technology

Smith, Tom A.; Rigby, Jake

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112863

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Due to the concern about the impact of shipping noise on marine life, several studies have reviewed mitigation measures (Renilson et al, 2013;Williams et al, 2019;Burnham et al, 2021;Smith and Rigby, 2022;Vard Marine Inc, 2023). New technologies can be implemented in new and existing vessels for example by changing the propeller/propulsor design, modification of the wake flow, reduction of machinery noise and modification of the hull.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and future contribution of ships to the underwater soundscape

Possenti,

de Nooijer,

de Jong

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Since the industrial revolution the ocean has become noisier. The global increase in shipping is one of the main contributors to this. In some regions, shipping contributed to an increase in ambient noise of several decibels, especially at low frequencies (10 to 100 Hz). Such an increase can have a substantial negative impact on fish, invertebrates, marine mammals and birds interfering with key life functions (e.g. foraging, mating, resting, etc.). Consequently, engineers are investigating ways to reduce the noise emitted by vessels when designing new ships. At the same time, since the industrial revolution (starting around 1760) greenhouse gas emissions have increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide fraction x(CO2) by more than 100 μmol mol-1. The ocean uptake of approximately one third of the emitted CO2 decreased the average global surface ocean pH from 8.21 to 8.10. This decrease is modifying sound propagation, especially sound absorption at the frequencies affected by shipping noise lower than 10 kHz, making the future ocean potentially noisier. There are also other climate change effects that may influence sound propagation. Sea surface warming might alter the depth of the deep sound speed channel, ice melting could locally decrease salinity and more frequent storms and higher wind speed alter the depth of the thermocline. In particular, modification of the sound speed profile can lead to the appearance of new ducts making specific depths noisier. In addition, ice melting and the increase in seawater temperature will open new shipping routes at the poles increasing anthropogenic noise in these regions. This review aims to discuss parameters that might change in the coming decades, focusing on the contribution of shipping, climate change and economic and technical developments to the future underwater soundscape in the ocean. Examples are given, contrasting the open ocean and the shallow seas. Apart from the changes in sound propagation, this review will also discuss the effects of water quality on ship-radiated noise with a focus on propeller cavitation noise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The present and future contribution of ships to the underwater soundscape

Possenti,

de Nooijer,

de Jong

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…This section focuses on the use of CFD in biomimetic approaches to reduce noise in underwater vehicles, offering a new perspective on flow noise control. Smith and Rigby [180] conducted a comprehensive review of underwater noise sources in marine vessels and evaluated various noise reduction techniques, including biomimetic leadingedge and trailing-edge techniques.…”

Section: Applications Of Biomimetic Noise Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis in Biomimetic Applications for Underwater Vehicles

Zhang,

Wang,

Zhang

2024

Biomimetics

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Biomimetics, which draws inspiration from nature, has emerged as a key approach in the development of underwater vehicles. The integration of this approach with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has further propelled research in this field. CFD, as an effective tool for dynamic analysis, contributes significantly to understanding and resolving complex fluid dynamic problems in underwater vehicles. Biomimetics seeks to harness innovative inspiration from the biological world. Through the imitation of the structure, behavior, and functions of organisms, biomimetics enables the creation of efficient and unique designs. These designs are aimed at enhancing the speed, reliability, and maneuverability of underwater vehicles, as well as reducing drag and noise. CFD technology, which is capable of precisely predicting and simulating fluid flow behaviors, plays a crucial role in optimizing the structural design of underwater vehicles, thereby significantly enhancing their hydrodynamic and kinematic performances. Combining biomimetics and CFD technology introduces a novel approach to underwater vehicle design and unveils broad prospects for research in natural science and engineering applications. Consequently, this paper aims to review the application of CFD technology in the biomimicry of underwater vehicles, with a primary focus on biomimetic propulsion, biomimetic drag reduction, and biomimetic noise reduction. Additionally, it explores the challenges faced in this field and anticipates future advancements.

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“…Extensive research has been conducted both domestically and internationally on discrete noise in turbomachinery in the field of aerodynamic noise. It is generally recognized that the main sources of discrete noise in turbomachinery include the strong dynamic and static interference between the wake of the internal impeller rotor and the guide vanes, volute tongue, and other stationary components as well as the phenomenon of vortex shedding when the laminar boundary layer passes over the trailing edge of the blades, resulting in intense fluctuation of surface pressure and the generation of discrete tonal noise [2]. Jui-Hsiang Kao et al [3] used a combination of the CFD method and linear wave theory to solve the dipole noise of marine propeller radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Hydrodynamic Noise Characteristics of a Mixed-Flow Pump

Yang,

Li,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the internal noise characteristics of a mixed-flow pump by combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational acoustics. The turbulent flow field of the pump is simulated using the unsteady SST k-ω turbulence model in CFD. The contributions of the volute, guide vanes, and impeller to the internal noise are analyzed and compared using the Lighthill theory, FW-H formula, and LMS Virtual Lab software for acoustic simulation. The research findings indicate that the energy of pressure fluctuations in the mixed-flow pump is predominantly concentrated at the blade passing frequency and its low-frequency harmonics. This suggests that the internal noise is mainly in the low-frequency range, with higher energy at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics. Under the 0.6Qdes flow condition, the flow inside the pump becomes more complex, resulting in higher sound pressure levels and sound power levels compared to higher flow conditions. However, for flow conditions ranging from 0.8Qdes to 1.2Qdes, the sound pressure levels gradually increase with increasing flow rate, with the sound pressure level at 1.0Qdes being nearly identical to that at 1.2Qdes. The analysis of sound power level spectra at different flow rates reveals that the distribution characteristics of internal vortex structures directly impact the hydrodynamic noise inside the mixed-flow pump. These research findings provide a significant theoretical basis for noise control in mixed-flow pumps.

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Underwater radiated noise from marine vessels: A review of noise reduction methods and technology

Cited by 58 publications

References 122 publications

The present and future contribution of ships to the underwater soundscape

The present and future contribution of ships to the underwater soundscape

Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis in Biomimetic Applications for Underwater Vehicles

Research on the Hydrodynamic Noise Characteristics of a Mixed-Flow Pump

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