Underwater Surface Electromyography for the Evaluation of Muscle Activity during Front Crawl Swimming: A Systematic Review

Kwok, Wan Yu; So, Billy C. L.; Ng, heung Mei Shamay

doi:10.52082/jssm.2023.1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In addition to the evaluation in terms of activation, several studies have focused on the assessment through dynamic and static force indicators [ 24 , 25 ]. In addition, the assessment of asymmetries in relation to muscle activation [ 26 , 27 , 28 ] and static strength indicators [ 9 , 29 ] has been widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Asymmetry of Muscle Activation and Strength in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Santos,

Aidar,

Souza

et al. 2023

EJIHPE

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Background: Strength training is a complex task, as it requires a combination of many variables. In paralympic powerlifting (PP) asymmetries for the evaluation of activation, and static force indicators have been increasingly studied. Objective: To investigate the asymmetries in the strength and muscle activation indicators, before and after a training session of PP athletes. Methodology: Twelve elite athletes from the PP participated in the study, and asymmetry was evaluated through surface electromyography (sEMG) and static strength indicators. Evaluations were made before and after a protocol of five series of five repetitions (5 × 5), with 80% of 1-Maximum Repetition (1RM). Results: In the pectoral muscles, there were differences in the non-dominant limbs between the before and after in the sEMG. There were differences in the pectoralis muscle in the non-dominant limb between moments before (110.75 ± 59.52%) and after (130.53 ± 98.48%, p < 0.001), and there was no difference in triceps activation. In the Maximum Isometric Strength (MIF), there was a difference in the non-dominant limb between before (710.36 ± 129.36) and after (620.27 ± 69.73; p < 0.030). There was a difference before in the dominant (626.89 ± 120.16; 95% CI 550.55–703.24) and non-dominant (710.36 ± 129.36; p = 0.011) limbs. There was no difference in time to MIF. Conclusion: PP athletes showed small levels of asymmetry before and after training, and adaptation to training tends to promote fewer asymmetries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Asymmetry of Muscle Activation and Strength in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Santos,

Aidar,

Souza

et al. 2023

EJIHPE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study of the muscles involved in swimming through electromyographic (EMG) analysis has helped deepen our understanding of how athletes maintain peak performance even in the face of muscle fatigue [23]. Recent research [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] has revealed the central role of specific muscles in maintaining speed and performance under fatigue conditions. For example, the latissimus dorsi (LD), triceps brachii (TB), and pectoralis major (PM) muscles often exhibit dynamic and strategic adaptations [30,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers

Puce,

Biz,

Ruaro

et al. 2023

Life

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Muscle fatigue is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by the type of activity performed and often manifests as a decline in motor performance (mechanical failure). The purpose of our study was to investigate the compensatory strategies used to mitigate mechanical failure. A cohort of 21 swimmers underwent a front-crawl swimming task, which required the consistent maintenance of a constant speed for the maximum duration. The evaluation included three phases: non-fatigue, pre-mechanical failure, and mechanical failure. We quantified key kinematic metrics, including velocity, distance travelled, stroke frequency, stroke length, and stroke index. In addition, electromyographic (EMG) metrics, including the Root-Mean-Square amplitude and Mean Frequency of the EMG power spectrum, were obtained for 12 muscles to examine the electrical manifestations of muscle fatigue. Between the first and second phases, the athletes covered a distance of 919.38 ± 147.29 m at an average speed of 1.57 ± 0.08 m/s with an average muscle fatigue level of 12%. Almost all evaluated muscles showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in their EMG activity, except for the latissimus dorsi, which showed a 17% reduction (ES 0.906, p < 0.001) during the push phase of the stroke cycle. Kinematic parameters showed a 6% decrease in stroke length (ES 0.948, p < 0.001), which was counteracted by a 7% increase in stroke frequency (ES −0.931, p < 0.001). Notably, the stroke index also decreased by 6% (ES 0.965, p < 0.001). In the third phase, characterised by the loss of the ability to maintain the predetermined rhythm, both EMG and kinematic parameters showed reductions compared to the previous two phases. Swimmers employed common compensatory strategies for coping with fatigue; however, the ability to maintain a predetermined motor output proved to be limited at certain levels of fatigue and loss of swimming efficiency (Protocol ID: NCT06069440).

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Assessment of arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition by physical examination in the supine position during isometric contraction is feasible as demonstrated by electromyography: a cross-sectional study

Kim,

Gu,

Kim

et al. 2024

J Orthop Surg Res

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Underwater Surface Electromyography for the Evaluation of Muscle Activity during Front Crawl Swimming: A Systematic Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Evaluating the Asymmetry of Muscle Activation and Strength in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Evaluating the Asymmetry of Muscle Activation and Strength in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes

Analysis of Kinematic and Muscular Fatigue in Long-Distance Swimmers

Assessment of arthrogenic quadriceps muscle inhibition by physical examination in the supine position during isometric contraction is feasible as demonstrated by electromyography: a cross-sectional study

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