“…In addition to research on the branding of nations (Olins, 2001;Kulkarni & Ganesh, 2002;Erdem, Swait, & Valenzuela, 2006;Lee, Klobas, Tezinde, & Murphy, 2010), there have also been several studies on the process of forming or reaffirming self and national identity via tourism (Edensor, 1998(Edensor, , 2000Goulding, 1999;Peñaloza, 2000;Pretes, 2003;Macdonald, 2006;Chronis et al, 2012). Important findings include those of Palmer (2005) who examines how the national identity of 'Englishness' is constructed through tourists' experiences at three heritage sites: Battle Abbey, Hever Castle and Chartwell.…”