Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh

Khanam, Masuma Akter; Lindeboom, Wietze; Razzaque, Abdur; Niessen, Louis; Smith, Wayne; Milton, Abul Hasnat

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000712

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…High BMI is an established risk factor for hypertension15; several studies found that overweight/obesity had the strongest association with hypertension 35 38 39. Body weight is the balance between consumption and expenditure of energy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bangladesh, like many other LMICs, is undergoing an epidemiological transition and an increased understanding of the burden and risk factors of hypertension is necessary to combat the increasing burden 13. A nationally representative survey conducted in 2011 (Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 (BDHS-2011)) suggests that the prevalence of hypertension including undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in Bangladeshi adults is high 14–18. However, the available data are not adequate to provide regional-level or district-level estimates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Khanam

Ahmed²,

Rahman³

et al. 2019

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesLow-income and middle-income countries are undergoing epidemiological transition, however, progression is varied. Bangladesh is simultaneously experiencing continuing burden of communicable diseases and emerging burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For effective use of limited resources, an increased understanding of the shifting burden and better characterisation of risk factors of NCDs, including hypertension is needed. This study provides data on prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among males and females 35 years and older in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThis is a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Zakiganj and Kanaighat subdistricts of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Blood pressure was measured and data on risk factors were collected using STEPS instrument from 864 males and 946 females aged 35 years and older between August 2017 and January 2018. Individuals with systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drugs were considered hypertensive. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 18.8% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.5) and 18.7% (95% CI 16.3 to 21.3) in adult males and females, respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and unaware/newly identified hypertension was 23.5%, 25.9% and 50.6%, respectively among males and 38.4%, 22.6% and 39.0%, respectively among females. Another 22.7% males and 17.8% females had prehypertension. Increasing age and higher waist circumference (≥90 cm for males and ≥80 cm for females) were positively associated with hypertension both in males (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.4) and females (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.1).ConclusionsIn view of the high burden of hypertension and prehypertension, a context-specific scalable public health programme including behaviour change communications, particularly to increase physical activity and consumption of healthy diet, as well as identification and management of hypertension needs to be developed and implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Khanam

Ahmed²,

Rahman³

et al. 2019

BMJ Open

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“… 17 Likewise, we did not find any statistically significant association between smoking status and HTN diagnosis, contrary to the results reported by other authors. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension in the Local Community of Byblos, Lebanon

Kanj

Khalil

Kossaify

et al. 2018

Health�Serv�Insights

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Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) in a local community in Lebanon.Design and methods:In this cross-sectional study, we interviewed 911 adults in the local community of Byblos, Lebanon, and 691 were enrolled in the study. Blood pressure (BP), height, and weight were measured. The diagnosis of HTN was based on the 2013 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)/ European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines (systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ⩾90 mm Hg). The data collected were analyzed using “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” software (SPSS).Results:A total of 260 participants were found to be hypertensive, either previously diagnosed or undiagnosed, yielding an overall prevalence of HTN of 37.62%. Of these participants, 149 (57.31%) were previously diagnosed and had controlled BP, and 111 (42.69%) had undiagnosed or uncontrolled HTN. Of these 111 participants, 44 had undiagnosed HTN and 67 were previously documented as hypertensive but had uncontrolled BP. Younger age and the absence of associated cardiovascular comorbidities were found to be associated with undiagnosed HTN, whereas high body mass index, smoking, and nonadherence to therapy were found to be associated with uncontrolled HTN.Conclusion and implications:This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of HTN in the studied population, along with a high prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled HTN. These findings emphasize the need for wider and more efficient screening strategies to better diagnose and control HTN in the general population.

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“…These findings are not surprising as undiagnosed disease is also common in the general population. About half of the persons living with diabetes mellitus globally are undiagnosed [ 29 ], and surveys in Africa and Asia have found a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Similarly, in the few studies that have prospectively measured blood pressure in people living with HIV, hypertension was newly diagnosed in 20–45% of cases [ 10 , 11 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors amongst adults living with HIV in Cambodia

Chhoun¹,

Tuot²,

Harries³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWith rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy for HIV, there are rising life expectancies among people living with HIV. As a result, co-morbidity from non-communicable diseases in those living and aging with HIV is increasingly being reported. Published data on this issue have been limited in Cambodia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and associated risk factors in adults living with HIV in Cambodia.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in five provinces of Cambodia from May-June 2015. Information was obtained on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, hypertension with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and hypercholesterolemia with fasting blood cholesterol ≥190 mg/dl. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors.ResultsThe study sample included 510 adults living with HIV; 67% were female, with a mean age of 45 (standard deviation = 8) years. Of these, 8.8% had diabetes mellitus, 15.1% had hypertension and 34.7% had hypercholesterolemia. Of the total participants with non-communicable diseases (n = 244), 47.8% had one or more diseases, and 75% were not aware of their diseases prior to the study: new disease was diagnosed in 90% of diabetes mellitus, 44% of hypertension and 90% of hypercholesterolemia. Single disease occurred in 81%, dual disease in 17% and triple disease in 2%. In adjusted analyses, those consuming 1 serving of fruit compare to 2 servings as significantly with diabetes mellitus, those eating 1 serving of fruit compare to 2 servings and using lard for cooking were significantly associated with hypertension, and those being unemployed, having monthly income less than 100 USD and being underweighted were significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia.ConclusionsThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in adults living with HIV in this study was considerably high, with most of these diseases newly identified through active screening in the survey. These findings strongly suggest that screening of non-communicable diseases should be integrated into routine HIV care in Cambodia.

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Undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among the adults in rural Bangladesh

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Predictors of Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension in the Local Community of Byblos, Lebanon

High prevalence of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors amongst adults living with HIV in Cambodia

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