Undiagnosed Behçet Syndrome Presenting with Abdominal Wall Ulceration: A Case Report

Abstract

Behçet syndrome (BS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that damages blood vessels and affects multiple systems, including the skin, mucosa, joints, eyes, nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The disease follows a relapsing course, characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation. Cutaneous lesions are a common manifestation of BS, presenting as ulcerations exhibiting the pathergy response, posing a challenge for healing. We report an unusual case of abdominal wall ulceration in a female patient with previously undiagnosed BS. The atypical characteristics and course of the ulcerations, as well as the data obtained from the patient’s medical history and laboratory findings, prompted a multidisciplinary approach. The findings, in conjunction with the clinical suspicion, resulted in a diagnosis of BS. Following the diagnosis, the patient received appropriate management, including local wound care and medical treatment for BS, resulting in rapid wound epithelialization within a few days of treatment initiation. The patient was referred to a rheumatologist for further evaluation and long-term management of BS. This case underscores the significance of including BS in the differential diagnosis of unusual ulcerations.