Undiagnosed inferior vena cava type of sinus venosus atrial septal defect in a middle‐aged woman: A rare case report

Abstract

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) accounts for 5% to 10% of ASDs. In contrast with the more common superior vena cava (SVC) type, the inferior vena cava (IVC) type of sinus venosus ASD with overriding IVC is extremely rare. The sinus venosus defect occur posterior to the fossa ovalis and is not regarded as true ASD. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a diagnostic procedure of choice due to close proximity of atrial septum to TEE transducer. However; it may not constantly yield detailed anatomical and functional characterization, and other imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be needed. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with an undiagnosed hemodynamically significant IVC-type ASD without any anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins, who presented with progressive dyspnea. K E Y W O R D S echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, patent foramen ovale, sinus venosus defect

A 24-Year-Old Male Patient With an Ostium Secundum Complex Atrial Defect Secondary to a Perforated Aneurysm With Inferior Vena Cava Agenesis

“…The presence of an IVC-type sinus venosus atrial septal defect with an overriding inferior vena cava is an exceptionally uncommon occurrence. The categorization of ASD is determined by the anatomical position within the interatrial septum, the process of embryogenesis, and the size [ 5 ].…”

“…Frequently the history of the patient uncovers a progressive alteration in exercise capacity, typically described as modest, and sometimes obvious difficulty in breathing during physical effort. While ASD is typically characterized by a gradual clinical progression and lack of symptoms in patients, its detection helps prevent time-related consequences, including arrhythmias, thrombosis, right heart failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [ 5 ].…”

Screening for the causes of refractory hypoxemia in critically ill patients: A case report

“…Contrast-enhanced CT scan is another valuable method for detection of the defect. But this method leads to exposure to ionizing radiation and may reveal insufficient information ( 13 ). Furthermore, intraoperative injection of agitated saline contrast via intravenous cannulation in a lower extremity can allow for detection and correction of residual defects during the operation.…”