This study explores the metabolic responses of undifferentiated cells of Tessaria absinthioides to light elicitation, with a focus on the production and accumulation of anthocyanins. We observed that anthocyanin concentrations in cell biomass were notably higher compared to those in wild flowers, albeit with slight compositional differences, according to the HPLC-DAD analysis. In a proteomic analysis of T. absinthioidescalli, light exposure induced significant changes in protein expression, with 578 proteins overexpressed and 486 uniquely identified under this condition. These proteins were predominantly clustered in key functional categories like protein processing, cellular transport, and DNA regulation, along with those involved in sesquiterpene synthesis and developmental regulation. Furthermore, proteins crucial for the phenylpropanoid pathway and the anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified in light-exposed calli, with many significantly overexpressed compared to dark-grown cultures. A similar trend was observed in enzymes associated with the de novo synthesis of arginine, a precursor to stress-responsive metabolites like polyamines and nitric oxide. These findings help elucidate the metabolic pathways underlying anthocyanin production in T. absinthioides. They also extend to the development of natural dyes, highlighting the significance of cellular culture in sustainable bioproduction.