Undrained cyclic response of a silicate-grouted sand for liquefaction mitigation purposes

Porcino, D.; Marcianò, Vincenzo; Granata, Raffaella

doi:10.1080/17486025.2011.560287

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Regardless of the differences in the final strength, the largest part of the strength gain occurred during the first 28 days. Data reported in Figure 6 refer only to specimens treated with mineral grouts; on the other hand results gathered in a previous research (Porcino et al 2011) on sand samples stabilised by silicate grout, evidenced that the effect of curing time on strength properties is not significant over the considered period of curing time (i.e. 30 days).…”

Section: Unconfined Compression Testsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands

Porcino

Ghionna²,

Granata³

et al. 2015

Geomechanics and Geoengineering

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate mechanical and hydraulic properties of sands treated with mineral-based grouts through the results of a laboratory test programme consisting of unconfined compression tests (UCS), triaxial bender element tests (BeT) and constant flow permeability tests in triaxial apparatus. An improved apparatus was set up for obtaining high quality, multiple grouted specimens from a single column. Two selected natural sands having different grain sizes were grouted with two mineral-based silica grouts, resulting in different levels of improvement. The behaviour of the sands treated by mineral grouts, in terms of strength, initial stiffness and permeability, was compared with that exhibited by more traditional silicate grouts. The results of this study indicate that sands treated with mineral grouts result in higher strengths, higher initial shear modulus and lower permeability values than the sands treated with the silicate solution. The effect of grout type, effective confining pressure, and sand particle-size on small-strain shear modulus of grouted sand specimens was evaluated. Based on test results, the small strain shear modulus increment from treated to untreated specimens has been correlated with the unconfined compressive strength, obtaining a unique relationship regardless of grout type and grain-size of tested sands.

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Section: Unconfined Compression Testsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands

Porcino

Ghionna²,

Granata³

et al. 2015

Geomechanics and Geoengineering

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“…Nanosilica grout has been used as a fast remediation to stop piping in underground excavations (e.g., Manassero and Di Salvo 2012;Traldi and Levanto 2016) or for sealing contaminants (e.g., Persoff et al 1994;Moridis et al 1996). Beneficial effects in terms of improved liquefaction resistance of sandy soils have been observed by several authors (e.g., Gallagher 2000;Gallagher and Mitchell 2002;Liao et al 2003;Porcino et al 2011). In this application, ground improvement is produced by the occlusion of intergranular spaces that reduces the grain mobility and contraction tendency of the soil upon cyclic shear, as shown by drained triaxial tests performed by Porcino et al (2011), who found an increase of soil dilation and peak resistance of the treated sand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Beneficial effects in terms of improved liquefaction resistance of sandy soils have been observed by several authors (e.g., Gallagher 2000;Gallagher and Mitchell 2002;Liao et al 2003;Porcino et al 2011). In this application, ground improvement is produced by the occlusion of intergranular spaces that reduces the grain mobility and contraction tendency of the soil upon cyclic shear, as shown by drained triaxial tests performed by Porcino et al (2011), who found an increase of soil dilation and peak resistance of the treated sand. A weak bonding among grains cannot be excluded, because tests carried out on pure silica gel by Liao et al (2003) and Towhata et al (2008) found uniaxial compression strengths on the order of a few kilopascals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Experimental Evidence of the Effectiveness and Applicability of Colloidal Nanosilica Grouting for Liquefaction Mitigation

Salvatore

Modoni

Mascolo

et al. 2020

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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The low viscosity and the ability to control solidification rate make colloidal nanosilica grout an excellent ground-improvement solution which is functional for different engineering purposes. A comprehensive experimental programme was performed to test the effectiveness and applicability of low-pressure injection of aqueous nanosilica suspensions against seismic liquefaction and to provide the experimental basis for the design, execution, and control of treatments. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction tests carried out on samples prepared with variable dosages enabled analysis of the microstructure of the original material and grouted sand. The influence of the grout composition on the solidification rate, viscosity, and shear strength of the treated sand was evaluated with preliminary tests to optimize the use of material. The efficacy of treatment in terms of stress-strain response and liquefaction resistance was investigated with a series of drained monotonic and undrained cyclic triaxial tests. A quality control procedure based on sonic wave transmission was established by performing bender element tests on samples cured for different times. The intent was to find the trade-off between a cost-effective use of materials and the mechanical performance of the treated sand.

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“…However, CS impregnation results in a significant increase in resistance as the initial effective stress increases and only a mild increase at low stress levels ðs 0 v < 50 kPaÞ in simple shear tests (Díaz-Rodríguez et al, 2008). On the other hand, Porcino et al (2011Porcino et al ( , 2012) observed a significant increase in liquefaction resistance at high cyclic stress ratios ðCSR ¼ t cyc = s 0 v Þ only, which diminishes at lower CSR values under both simple shear and triaxial tests. This observation is supported by monotonic triaxial tests which show a significant increase in the peak shear strength accompanied by dilation only at low stress levels of p 0 i < 100 kPa; however, the trend reverses in simple shear tests where only the treated specimens at s 0 v > 100 kPa show higher peak stress ratios and dilation compared to untreated sand specimens.…”

Section: Notationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Fewer studies report pore pressure measurements during undrained cyclic loading. Porcino et al (2011) found that depending on the loading mode, the pore pressure development curves for treated sand differ significantly in simple shear and triaxial testing; showing in the former a trend similar to untreated sand. Kodaka et al (2005) measured identical excess pore water pressure accumulation for treated and untreated sands up to the onset of liquefaction for the untreated sand, at an excess pore water pressure ratio of 0·6.…”

Section: Notationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanical behaviour of sand stabilised with colloidal silica

GeorgiannouVasiliki

Pavlopoulou

BikosZisis

2017

Geotechnical Research

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The response of sand stabilised with colloidal silica aqueous gel is examined in the laboratory, under direct shear, triaxial and normal compression loading, in comparison to that of untreated sand of similar density to evaluate the effect of stabilisation on subsequent sand response. The behaviour of the treated sand differs in important respects from the behaviour of the untreated sand: a significant increase in the angle of shearing resistance is observed at lower stress levels, diminishing with increasing stress level; the peak strength envelope is curved at low stresses for the treated sand only, while at ultimate strength, the envelopes coincide for treated and untreated sands. However, at all stress levels, extreme dilation is associated with the treated sand at peak and ultimate strength conditions. Under normal compression, the treated sand is easily densified, exhibiting higher compressibility than that of sand of similar density. It appears that depending on loading conditions, the aqueous gel alters its structure and has the capacity to absorb or discharge free water; it is of paramount importance to measure volume change and/or pore water pressure change during stabilised sand testing.

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Undrained cyclic response of a silicate-grouted sand for liquefaction mitigation purposes

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands

Laboratory determination of mechanical and hydraulic properties of chemically grouted sands

Experimental Evidence of the Effectiveness and Applicability of Colloidal Nanosilica Grouting for Liquefaction Mitigation

Mechanical behaviour of sand stabilised with colloidal silica

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