Unemployment as a Factor in Early Retirement Decisions

Bould, Sally

doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1980.tb01622.x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Bould (1980) suggested that although the overall effects of financial factors are stronger for minorities than for Whites in explaining early retirement decisions, the influence of home ownership was not significant for either Whites or Blacks (Bould, 1980). On the other hand, Choi (1994) showed that Black home renters tend to retire earlier than Black homeowners.…”

Section: Home Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Inequality Among Older Workers: Focusing On Whites, Blacks, and Latinos Within the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Framework

Choi

Tang

Copeland

2016

Journal of Social Service Research

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As the number of older workers increases, scholars from variable fields have made an effort to understand what makes the current older generation want to remain in the labor market; however, our knowledge of older minority workers is fragmentary. The experience of older minority workers, defined as Blacks and Latinos in this study, may differ from that of their White counterparts because of persistent racial/ethnic differences among older workers, especially in four domains: 1) financial resources for retirement, 2) health, 3) career patterns, and 4) education. Existing literature has little to offer for older minority workers because of limited methodological approaches and a dearth of appropriate theories. Thus, this study aims to identify factors that explain older Americans' labor market participation after retirement age and whether there are racial/ethnic differences among those factors. It also presents fragmentary knowledge from existing studies within the framework of the cumulative advantage/disadvantage (CAD) theory.Using the 1,114 pre-retirement aged workers from the 2004 and 2008 datasets of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), probit analysis was run to estimate the analytic model. RACIAL/ETHNIC INEQUALITY AMONG OLDER WORKERS: FOCUSING ON WHITES, BLACKS, AND LATINOS WITHIN THE CUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE FRAMEWORKEunhee Choi, M.S.W., Ph.D.University of Pittsburgh, 2013 v Racially separate analyses were performed to treat race as a major indicator for the outcome (workers' labor market status after age 65) and to systematically compare factors by race.The results showed that, after adjusting for covariates, factors influencing older individuals' employment after age 65 were conditioned by race. Whereas health and the meaning of work most influence Whites, financial resources (particularly home ownership) most affect Blacks, while health alone most concerns Latinos. Overall, this study suggests that access to the labor market-as opposed to personal preference, financial necessity, or job dissatisfactionmost influences the labor market participation of minorities.These findings of this study highlight the role of race, suggesting that one universal model cannot fully explain older individuals' labor market participation among different race/ethnic groups. Furthermore, this study's inclusion of Latinos expanded the scope of the existing literature, finding that both Black and Latino workers experience a lifetime accumulation of disadvantages. However, their employment experiences differ significantly: while class differences potentially exist among Black workers, Latinos can be more disadvantaged as a whole, experiencing substantial barriers related to education level and language in the workplace.This study helps to correct theoretical limitations in studies of older workers by using the more revealing CAD framework to interpret results. Racial/ethnic inequality among older workers should be understood not as sudden occurrences in old age, but as a byproduct of the interplay betwe...

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Section: Home Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Inequality Among Older Workers: Focusing On Whites, Blacks, and Latinos Within the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Framework

Choi

Tang

Copeland

2016

Journal of Social Service Research

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“…Race is known to be a critical variable both in terms of early retirement (Bould, 1980;Palmore et al, 1985;Parnes et al, 1985) and in terms of receipt of Social Security benefits. An analysis of newly entitled beneficiaries by the Social Security Administration (1976) confirms the fact that the situation of black and white retirees is in no way comparable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quinn (1977), however, found that the unemployment rate in the local labor market area did have a significant effect upon the labor force participation of older white married men (see also Parsons, 1978). The findings of Bould (1980) suggest, moreover, that it is the individual's unemployment experience which is an inducement to early retirement rather than the aggregate unemployment rate in the labor market area. Indeed, the aggregate level of unemployment in the local market may not be a good indicator of the labor market conditions which older workers face; older workers are less likely to change jobs.…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…An important part of that financial package at retirement involves accumulated assets which can help replace earnings. Previous research on retirement suggests that assets are an important factor in predicting the early retirement decision of white men (Bould, 1980;Quinn, 1977). The present research, however, does not lead to the same conclusion.…”

Section: Financial Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing the choice of social security early retirement benefits

Bould

1986

Popul Res Policy Rev

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“…Bould (1980) found that unemployment is another factor that pushes people toward early retirement. More specifically, Bould used regression analysis on the National Longitudinal Survey sample of American men (ages 52-64 in 1973) to show that weeks of previous unemployment were significantly related to early retirement for both black and white males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants of Early Retirement in the European Union

Lamprianou

2012

Journal of Transnational Management

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This study uses a subsample of 18 European countries of the first release of the dataset of the fifth round of the European Social Survey to investigate the factors that affect the desired age of retirement and the discrepancy between the actual and the desired age of retirement. We focus on a subsample of around 9,000 respondents in the age range of 50-64. We used multilevel linear regression models to investigate our research questions. We found that the desired age of retirement is explained by both personal (demographic and career) characteristics as well as country-specific characteristics (e.g., the GDP). However, the discrepancy between the actual and the desired retirement age is explained only by personal (demographic and career) characteristics. We suggest that early retirement is not just a habitus which appeared in the past decades, but also a complex phenomenon with social as well as financial characteristics.

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Unemployment as a Factor in Early Retirement Decisions

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Racial/Ethnic Inequality Among Older Workers: Focusing On Whites, Blacks, and Latinos Within the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Framework

Racial/Ethnic Inequality Among Older Workers: Focusing On Whites, Blacks, and Latinos Within the Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage Framework

Factors influencing the choice of social security early retirement benefits

Determinants of Early Retirement in the European Union

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