Unemployment, environmental policy, and international migration

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the effects of an increase in emission tax, a decrease in fixed manufacturing wage rate, and an increased inflow of foreign workers on competitive wages, the environmental stock, the economic welfare of the representative consumer, and employment in the presence of a pollution abatement equipment sector and unemployment. Our main findings are that an increase in emission tax and a decrease in the urban minimum wage rate decrease unemployment, and international immigration may increase the competitive wage rate, employment rate, stock of environmental capital, and economic welfare of the representative worker.

Agricultural producer service subsidies and agricultural pollution: An approach based on endogenous agricultural pollution

“…Cole et al (2011) investigated the relationship between economic growth and industrial pollution emissions. Kondoh and Yabuuchi (2012) studied the effects of carbon emission tax on employment, minimum wage, and national welfare in the context of industrial pollution. Li and Wu (2018) studied the impacts of policies on the promotion of modern agriculture on the environment and economy under the framework of a three-sector general equilibrium model with industrial pollution externalities.…”

The Stable Equilibrium Analysis of Nonlinear Renewable Resource Stock Evolution

“…Li et al [23] presented a research paper by constructing a general equilibrium model to analyze the importance of agricultural pollution on agricultural production, the development of the rural economy, and wage inequality. Depending on their numerical stimulation, the production process of resource-intensive goods could cause agricultural pollution because of excessive usage of chemical pesticides and fertilizer that damage natural resources (see also [24] for a detailed discussion about industrial pollution and its impacts on economic development). Intraindustry externality problems (excessive harvesting of resource stock) and pollution have appeared simultaneously in the real-life framework.…”

Will tougher environmental policy reduce the employment of industrial enterprises? The heterogeneity analysis based on enterprise level and city level

“…Second, we attempt to explain the controversy about the employment effect of environmental policy from the perspective of heterogeneity. There are three main views in the existing literature: positive employment effect (Berman & Bui, 2001; Bezdek et al, 2008; Kondoh & Yabuuchi, 2012), negative employment effect (Dissou & Sun, 2013; Goodstein, 1996; Gray et al, 2014; Greenstone, 2002; Henderson, 1997), or no significant effect (Morgenstern et al, 2002). We think that the different results above may be related to the heterogeneity of observations.…”

“…This paper contributes to the literature in the following respects: First, we use both enterprise-level and city-level data to make our research cover as many industrial enterprises as possible. The data used in the existing literature on the employment effect of environmental policy mainly come from region level (Berman & Bui, 2001;Bezdek et al, 2008) and sector or industry level (Gray et al, 2014;Greenstone, 2002;Henderson, 1997;Kondoh & Yabuuchi, 2012;Morgenstern et al, 2002), and almost no enterprise-level data are used in the studies. In this paper, the enterprise-level data we used come from the China Industrial Enterprise Database (CIED), which contains annual microdata of all industrial enterprises above designated size (i.e., large and medium enterprises) in China mainland.…”