Unemployment, rural–urban migration and environmental regulation

Abstract

This paper develops a general equilibrium model that incorporates specific features pertaining to developing countries: a large informal sector and rural-urban migration. A calibrated version of the model is used to study the effects of energy tax changes and a reduction in agricultural-sector energy subsidies on labor market outcomes.The results indicate that the incidence of energy taxes is partly shifted on to the rural sector through rural-urban migration. The results thus highlight the importance of modeling the features particular to developing countries and the economic general equilibrium effects when assessing the impact of environmental taxation in those countries.

Population Dynamics and Its Implication on Development in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania

“…The increased demand has forced business people to search for firewood and charcoal outside the Municipality to cater to the demand of the growing population of which it has also a negative effect on the environment. The current study results are in line with that of Kuralbayeva, (2018) in developing countries who reported the threats of population pressure on land use particular intensive home steady constructions to meet the demand of settlement which results to high deforestation. A similar observation was reported by Estes (2012) in Serengeti Tanzania, who reported the effect of population growth on land cover change.…”

“…Several studies (Mueller, et al, 2019;Mulungu and Myeya, 2018;Banyikwa, 2017;Kamangu, 2016;Mulungu, 2012) indicates that in-migration has changed the life of migrants and the local community in the place of destination through improved livelihoods. Nevertheless, in-migration is associated with negative environmental and social effects (Kuralbayeva, 2018;Hongoa, 2014;Estes, 2012).…”