Unemployment, Social Vulnerability, and Health in Europe

Perception of Social Change and Psychological Well‐Being: A Study Focusing on Social Change in Korea Between 1997 and 20001

“…Along with these intuitive and archive‐based theories, Lauer and Lauer (1976) empirically tested that the pace of social change is related to negative well‐being. This view has been widely accepted in empirical findings, such that recession and unemployment in Europe and the United States (Adwin & Revenson, 1986; Banks & Ullah, 1988; Bartley, 1987; Dooley & Catalano, 1980; Elder, 1999; Schwefel et al., 1987), and political and social transformations in Germany have negatively contributed to psychological well‐being (Schroeder, 1997).…”

“…Yet, the distinction between scope and pace of social change has not been well distinguished in previous research because studies focusing on scope and pace of social change have been largely conducted in situations in which these two factors were often compounded. For example, many studies have reported the impact of social changes in European countries at about the time of the collapse of the former Eastern bloc (Adwin & Revenson, 1986; Banks & Ullah, 1988; Bartley, 1987; Schroeder, 1997; Schwefel et al., 1987). The social changes in these countries were both massive and rapid.…”

“…Especially in the 1990s, numerous studies focused on how rapid social transformation in the former USSR and in the former Eastern bloc countries affected people's social and psychological lives. These studies, though conducted in various academic disciplines, commonly showed that social change is related to major indicators of psychological well‐being, such as suicide, depression, or mental hospital admission rates (Adwin & Revenson, 1986; Banks & Ullah, 1988; Bartley, 1987; Forkel & Silbereisen, 2001; Schroeder, 1997; Schwefel, Svensson, & Zollner, 1987).…”

“…depression, or mental hospital admission rates (Adwin & Revenson, 1986;Banks & Ullah, 1988;Bartley, 1987;Forkel & Silbereisen, 2001;Schroeder, 1997;Schwefel, Svensson, & Zollner, 1987).…”

Unemployment, social support and health complaints: A longitudinal study of stress in East German refugees

“…Loss of job creates insecurity with respect to one's future life perspective. Although research on unemployment problems is heterogeneous, and there is a striking variability of empirical results, it can be summarized by saying that the studies generally report an impairment of psychological and physical well-being for the majority of the unemployed, especially in the case of long-term unemployment (Frese and Mohr, 1987;Schwefel, Svensson and Zollner, 1987;Warr, 1987;Dooley and Catalano, 1988;Feather, 1990;Hafner, 1990). The stressing quality of unemployment is mostly attributed to decrements in environmental features, such as weakened control possibilities due to financial hardships or social network disruption, fewer goals and task demands, a larger time budget without time markers to break up and organize each day, or reduced opportunities for social contacts.…”