Unequal Clustering Formation Based on Bat Algorithm forWireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Abstract. Prolonging the lifetime of the network is an important issue in the design and deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSN). One of the crucial factors to prolong lifetime of WSNs is to reduce energy consumption. In this study, Bat algorithm (BA) is used to find out an optimal cluster formation trying to minimize the total communication distance. Taking into account the hot spot problem in multihop WSNs, the communication distance is modeled by bat's loudness parameter in our scheme. The communication distance and energy consumption of each node in the cluster can then be optimized with the bat algorithm. The experimental results show that this approach achieves 3% improvement of convergence and accuracy in comparison with Particle swarm optimization.

A Novel Improved Bat Algorithm Based on Hybrid Parallel and Compact for Balancing an Energy Consumption Problem

“…We can figure out the optimization problem by minimizing the objective function in Equation (18). The experimental results of the applied pcBA are compared with two cases for PSO: the time-varying inertia weight (PSO-TVIW), and time-varying acceleration coefficients (PSO-TVAC) [21] and the BA [42] by regarding solution quality and speed. The obtained result is averaged from the outcomes from all runs.…”

Genetic-fuzzy based load balanced protocol for WSNs

“…Clearly, the GFELC provide higher network lifetime and increases stability period of network. Figure 14 it is clear that GFELC received more number of packets through its lifetime maximum 11×10 4 packets over 800 rounds whereas LEACH, CHEF, LEACH-ERE, GAEEP receives maximum 5×10 4 , 7×10 4 , 9×10 4 and 9.7×10 4 packets respectively over 800 rounds. As our algorithm uses the best-first search, A-star algorithm for transfer the packets to base station using multi-hop routing between cluster heads, that systematic approach helps up in increasing the throughput of lifetime.…”

“…If there are N nodes and C clusters and each cluster have on average N/C nodes per clusters (one cluster head and remaining ((N/C)-1) are member nodes). The expected consumed energy of cluster head [4] is the sum of consumed energy in receiving packet from its member nodes and aggregating them into single packet fixed size require energy and transferring to base station directly ( power loss) or to another cluster head (multi-hop routing) require ( ) multipath power loss.…”

“…Sensor node powered by limited capacity inexpensive small battery. Battery of sensor node is almost irreplaceable in nature when it runs out of power because of generally sensor nodes are dispersed on the area where human intervention is very difficult [4]. Therefore efficient use of available energy is most prominent issue in wireless sensors networks for running the network for long time.…”

“…Clustering has many significant advantages such as it reduce the number of transmission as only one leader per cluster, conserves the bandwidth of network because of nodes are communicated with their cluster head only. Also it is easily managed and fault-tolerance so it improves the scalability of networks [4]. Therefore Int 1169 balancing the load of leader is backbone of the clustering protocol that opens the door for efficient selection of cluster heads among nodes.…”