Unequal spatial accessibility of integration-promoting resources and immigrant health: A mixed-methods approach

Wang, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.01.017

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These findings seem to be consistent with and broadly support the work of other studies which reported that immigrants with different ethnic origins experience language barriers when attempting to access primary care in different Canadian urban areas [9, 11–13, 16, 29, 30]. In addition, the intra-urban disparity in the case of both all PCPs and minority language speaking providers in a mid-sized city resembles what research in large urban centres has shown [10, 13, 14, 30, 31]. For example, using a mixed-methods approach, Wang [14] revealed spatial disparities in access to Tamil-speaking family physicians across the Toronto census metropolitan area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A recent study of French-speaking immigrants in a predominantly English-speaking Canadian city identified how a lack of available health care services in French can lead to dissatisfaction with care, emotional stress, and/or delay in seeking out health care [9]. Language is often a barrier for immigrants and refugees, with some patients only able to communicate with health care providers through an interpreter [11–14]. Those without access to an interpreter may experience errors in translation or in understanding the implications of their health status [12, 15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A geospatial approach to understanding inequalities in accessibility to primary care among vulnerable populations

et al. 2019

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Many Canadians experience unequal access to primary care services, despite living in a country with a universal health care system. Health inequalities affect all Canadians but have a much stronger impact on the health of vulnerable populations. Health inequalities are preventable differences in the health status or distribution of health resources as experienced by vulnerable populations. A geospatial approach was applied to examine how closely the distribution of primary care providers (PCPs) in London, Ontario meet the needs of vulnerable populations, including people with low income status, seniors, lone parents, and linguistic minorities. Using enhanced two step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method, an index of geographic access scores for all PCPs and PCPs speaking French, Arabic, and Spanish were separately developed at the dissemination area (DA) level. To analyze how PCPs are distributed, comparative analyses were performed in association with specific vulnerable groups. Geographical accessibility to all PCPs, and PCPs who speak specific minority languages vary considerably across the city of London. Access scores for French- and Arabic-speaking PCPs are found comparatively high (mean = 2.85 and 1.01 respectively) as compared to Spanish-speaking PCPs (mean = 0.47). Additionally, many areas with high proportions of vulnerable populations experience low accessibility. Despite its exploratory nature, this study offers insight into intra-urban distributions of geographical accessibility to primary care resources for vulnerable groups. These findings can facilitate health researchers and policymakers in the development of recommendations to increase levels of accessibility of specific population groups in underserved areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A geospatial approach to understanding inequalities in accessibility to primary care among vulnerable populations

et al. 2019

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“…Earlier studies have used gravity-based accessibility measures (Koenig, 1980) and ratio processes (Joseph and Bantock, 1982) for accessibility assessment. Recently the GIS-based method and spatial analysis have provided promising results for spatial health accessibility (Giuliano and Kang, 2018;Shin and Lee, 2018;Tobias et al, 2015;Wang, 2018) accurately modeling residents' access to health facilities in big cities (Lättman et al, 2018;Lee and Miller, 2019). Compared to other methods, this kind of method takes into account the most comprehensive factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Approach for Generating a Spatial Urban Health Equity Map and Validating via Volunteered Geographic Information

samani

Karimi

Alesheikh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Spatial urban health equity assessment is of vital importance, relating closely to quality of life standards and level of urban development. Generally, spatial health equity can be assessed according to spatial accessibility to health care and medical centers (HCMCs), green spaces, public transportation stations and main roads. The density and distribution of HCMCs are also important factors in spatial health equity assessment and air pollution level can also affect the health of citizens. This paper aims to model the spatial urban health equity map by aggregating all these criteria using reference data. Then, it compares the health equity map generated from reference data to one generated by volunteered geographic information (VGI) by citizens. The main contributions of this paper include i) aggregating spatial accessibility criteria, density and distribution of HCMCs and air pollution levels, based on the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS), ii) comparing the spatial equity map with a health equity map achieved using VGI. Health equity status of citizens was categorized into five levels from ‘very appropriate’ to ‘very inappropriate’ and collected by citizens using a VGI website. The proposed method was implemented in District 6 of Tehran, Iran. Our findings showed for the resulting map with the reference data that almost 62% of the study area, was reported as ‘appropriate or ‘very appropriate’, 20% as ‘good’ and about 18% as ‘inappropriate’ or ‘very inappropriate’. The collected VGI from citizens achieved results with 72% compatibility. Furthermore, according to the precision, recall and F-score measures, most accuracy was attributed to the ‘appropriate’ level of spatial health equity and the least accuracy to the ‘very inappropriate’ level.

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“…It can be defined as the potential opportunities for interaction (Hansen, 1959). The literature points out a considerable number of definitions and components (Geurs & van Wee, 2004); reviews of indicators (Páez et al, 2012;van Wee, 2016); investigation about the changes in the accessibility level over the years (Foth et al, 2013); methods to explore different accessibility levels (Wang, 2018;Xing et al, 2018); identification of the current consideration related to objectives and measures in transportation plans (Boisjoly & El-Geneidy, 2017a) and how this is perceived by practitioners (Boisjoly & El-Geneidy, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning about spatial inequalities: Capturing the heterogeneity in the urban environment

Siqueira-Gay

Giannotti

Sester

2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Highlights-A multidimensional approach evidence different level of inequalities distribution -Groups with diverse socioeconomic condition of accessibility to services are mapped -Spatial inequalities of a global south megacity São Paulo (Brazil) are explored -Low income groups have low accessibility mainly to hospitals and culture centers -A heterogeneous condition of accessibility and income in the periphery is captured Graphical abstract 3 LEARNING ABOUT SPATIAL INEQUALITIES: CAPTURING THE HETEROGENEITY IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT Transportation systems can be conceptualized as an instrument of spreading people and resources over the territory, playing an important role in developing sustainable cities. The current rationale of transport provision is based on population demand, disregarding land use and socioeconomic information. To meet the challenge to promote a more equitable resource distribution, this work aims at identifying and describing patterns of urban services supply, their accessibility, and household income. By using a multidimensional approach, the spatial inequalities of a large city of the global south reveal that the low-income population has low access mainly to hospitals and cultural centers. A low-income group presents an intermediate level of accessibility to public schools and sports centers, evidencing the diverse condition of citizens in the peripheries.These complex outcomes generated by the interaction of land use and public transportation emphasize the importance of comprehensive methodological approaches to support decisions of urban projects, plans and programs. Reducing spatial inequalities, especially providing services for deprived groups, is fundamental to promote the sustainable use of resources and optimize the daily commuting.

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Unequal spatial accessibility of integration-promoting resources and immigrant health: A mixed-methods approach

Cited by 18 publications

References 64 publications

A geospatial approach to understanding inequalities in accessibility to primary care among vulnerable populations

A geospatial approach to understanding inequalities in accessibility to primary care among vulnerable populations

Developing an Approach for Generating a Spatial Urban Health Equity Map and Validating via Volunteered Geographic Information

Learning about spatial inequalities: Capturing the heterogeneity in the urban environment

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