Unexpected Synthesis of Oxadiazole Analogues: Characterization and Energetic Properties

Abstract

An attractive synthetic route was devaluped for making N‐(4‐(1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)‐1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl) formamide (4) and di(1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl) methanone O‐(nitrodi(1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)methyl) oxime (6) from commercially available inexpensive malononitrile starting material with easy purification, short experimental time and high yields at room temperature. The chemical structures of 4 and 6 were identified by NMR, IR, EA and verified by single‐crystal X‐ray studies. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the conversion of 4 to 6. Furthermore, both compounds have been evaluated for energetic applications. Based on their insensitive nature and good detonation performance, they are potential energetic materials.

Thermally Stable and Insensitive Energetic Cocrystals Comprising Nitrobarbituric Acid Coformers

“…7,8 In most cases, the newly developed energetic materials are still unable to completely replace currently used compounds in the explosives and propellants because of various problems, including high preparation cost, thermal instability, sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, and chemical incompatibility. 9,10 The contradiction between high performance and safety is still very prominent because there are often casualties and asset losses caused by an unintended explosion of compounds. To overcome these limitations, the cocrystallization method has attracted significant attention in the field of energetic materials.…”

“…The requirement of energetically enhanced, safe, and probably green energetic materials constantly paved the way for futuristic development. − The development of new energetic materials is slow compared to other areas such as devices, pharmaceuticals, metal catalysis, etc. To make new energetic materials that can be utilized directly in the field, stringent requisites like cost-effective synthesis, scale-up feasibility, superior performance, insensitivity, and chemical and thermal stability need to be fulfilled. , In most cases, the newly developed energetic materials are still unable to completely replace currently used compounds in the explosives and propellants because of various problems, including high preparation cost, thermal instability, sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, and chemical incompatibility. , The contradiction between high performance and safety is still very prominent because there are often casualties and asset losses caused by an unintended explosion of compounds. To overcome these limitations, the cocrystallization method has attracted significant attention in the field of energetic materials. − In cocrystallization, two or more energetic or nonenergetic components are combined in a crystal lattice with a defined stoichiometric ratio, linked together through noncovalent interactions.…”

1,3,5-Tris[(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]isocyanurate and Its Tricationic Salts as Thermostable and Insensitive Energetic Materials

“…In the past decade, nitrogen-rich energetic materials have been of great interest as they exhibit many characteristics, including low solubility in common solvents, high thermal stability, high energy content, high density, and less sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. − Research in this area has intensified recently to balance the performance and safety parameters and replace the traditional energetic materials, trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) . These traditional energetic materials suffer from harsh synthesis methods, being expensive and environmentally unfriendly, polymorphism, etc.…”