Unexpectedly high diversity of trypanosomes in small sub-Saharan mammals

Votýpka, Jan; Stříbrná, Eva; Modrý, David; Bryja, Josef; Bryjová, Anna; Lukeš, Julius

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.06.002

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We identified 27 distinct genotypes (Fig. 3 and Table 2 ) grouped into 11 phylogroups (designated as AFxx after Votýpka et al 2022 ), which exemplify different trypanosome species; five detected phylogroups were represented by more than one genotype (Figs. 2 and 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of known trypanosome species (genus Trypanosoma ) is steadily growing, including in Africa (e.g., Adams et al 2010 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ), and the expanding diversity is accommodated into 16 subgenera (Kostygov et al 2021 ). Host specificity varies widely, from extremely low in the subgenera Squamatrypanum and Haematomonas to the highly host-specific subgenus Herpetosoma , whose species are usually restricted to a single host species/genus of rodents and/or insectivores (Noyes et al 2002 ; Kostygov et al 2021 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ). Only Trypanosoma ( Herpetosoma ) lewisi stands out in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to morphology-based identification, lacking reliable diagnostic features (Hoare 1972 ; Kaufer et al 2017 ) and underestimating prevalence and diversity (Schwan et al 2016 ; Ortiz et al 2018 ), recent developments in molecular identification techniques and phylogenetic analysis (Adams et al 2010 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ) have improved understanding and appreciation of trypanosome diversity. The subgenus Herpetosoma has about 50 nominal species that were named based on their morphology and putative confinement to the host species (Noyes et al 2002 ; Dybing et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subgenus Herpetosoma has about 50 nominal species that were named based on their morphology and putative confinement to the host species (Noyes et al 2002 ; Dybing et al 2016 ). The current determination of trypanosomes in vertebrate hosts or invertebrate vectors is based on conserved gene sequences, such as the 18S rRNA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes (Hamilton et al 2007 ; Pumhom et al 2014 ; Gibson 2017 ; Hamilton and Stevens 2017 ; Kostygov et al 2021 ), and leads to a significant increase in the current trypanosome diversity, including that in rodents (Sato et al 2007 ; Maia da Silva et al 2010 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although trypanosome infections of small mammals remain significant public health concerns for humans and animals worldwide, there is a lack of comprehensive research on trypanosome infections in wildlife reservoir hosts, particularly in Africa (Kasozi et al 2021 ). Various Trypanosoma species associated with small mammals have been identified across Africa (Dobigny et al 2011 ; Schwan et al 2016 ; Tatard et al 2017 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ), including Uganda (Salzer et al 2016 ). Although several studies have explored the occurrence of trypanosomes in different habitats, in Uganda, no investigation has been carried out specifically examining the prevalence and diversity of trypanosomes in small mammals across various habitats, employing molecular analysis to uncover their true diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosome diversity in small mammals in Uganda and the spread of Trypanosoma lewisi to native species

Babyesiza,

Katakweba,

Fornůsková

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Uganda’s diverse small mammalian fauna thrives due to its rich habitat diversity, which hosts a wide range of blood parasites, including trypanosomes, particularly the subgenus Herpetosoma typical for rodent hosts. We screened a total of 711 small mammals from various habitats for trypanosomes, with 253 microscopically examined blood smears and 458 tissue samples tested by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Of 51 rodent and 12 shrew species tested, microscopic screening reaches 7% overall prevalence (with four rodent species positive out of 15 and none of the shrew species out of four), while nested PCR indicated a prevalence of 13% (17 rodent and five shrew species positive out of 49 and 10, respectively). We identified 27 genotypes representing 11 trypanosome species, of which the majority (24 genotypes/9 species) belong to the Herpetosoma subgenus. Among these, we detected 15 new genotypes and two putative new species, labeled AF24 (found in Lophuromys woosnami) and AF25 (in Graphiurus murinus). Our finding of three new genotypes of the previously detected species AF01 belonging to the subgenus Ornithotrypanum in two Grammomys species and Oenomys hypoxanthus clearly indicates the consistent occurrence of this avian trypanosome in African small mammals. Additionally, in Aethomys hindei, we detected the putative new species of the subgenus Aneza. Within the T. lewisi subclade, we detected eleven genotypes, including six new; however, only the genotype AF05b from Mus and Rattus represents the invasive T. lewisi. Our study has improved our understanding of trypanosome diversity in African small mammals. The detection of T. lewisi in native small mammals expands the range of host species and highlighting the need for a broader approach to the epidemiology of T. lewisi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%