Unexpectedly high rates of obesity and dysglycemia among villagers in Cameroon

Napoli, Nicola; Mottini, Giovanni; Arigliani, Michele; Creta, António; Giua, Renato; A, Incammisa; Carotti, Simone; Sihom, François; Yimagou, Isaac; Alombah, Richard; Mbanya, Jean Claude; Pozzilli, Paolo

doi:10.1002/dmrr.1036

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We have recently shown a high prevalence of diabetes and obesity in a rural area of Cameroon, confirming that even in a setting with a protective environment, diabetes is an important and neglected health problem [12]. In fact, most patients were unaware of having diabetes and none was on a regular treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A subgroup of 49 patients with diabetes were part of a previous survey [12] and were re-evaluated for the present study. In comparison, significant decrease in terms of fasting glucose (226.5±17.5 vs 182.5±12.6, p 0.04) and a slight, not significant reduction in body weight (77.4±3.1 vs 72.1±2.3) was observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all these subjects 5 diabetic and 21 controls were excluded from the final analysis because of lack of clinical or biochemical data, therefore we here report data on 74 patients with diabetes and 109 controls. The diabetic population (57% females and 43% males) was in part composed of patients diagnosed during a previous health campaign conducted in 2007 (52 patients) which clinical and biochemical data have been published elsewhere [12]. However, in these patients only capillary glycaemia and anthropometric measures were available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Carotid Thickness in Subjects with Recently-Diagnosed Diabetes from Rural Cameroon

et al. 2012

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BackgroundWe have recently shown a high prevalence of diabetes and obesity in rural Cameroon, despite an improved lifestyle. Diabetes in rural Africa remains underdiagnosed and its role in increasing risk of atherosclerosis in these populations is unknown. We investigated the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in a population of subjects with recently-diagnosed diabetes from rural Cameroon.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn a case-control study, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured in 74 subjects with diabetes (diagnosed <2 years), aged 47–85 and 109 controls comparable for age and sex. Subjects were recruited during a health campaign conducted in April 2009. Blood glucose control (HbA1c, fasting blood glucose) and major cardiovascular risk factors (complete lipid panel, blood pressure) were also measured. Mean carotid IMT was higher in subjects with diabetes than healthy controls at each scanned segment (common, internal carotid and bulb) (P<0.05), except the near wall of the left bulb. Vascular stiffness tended to be higher and pressure-strain elastic modulus of the left carotid was increased in subjects with diabetes than controls (P<0.05), but distensibility was similar between the two groups. At least one plaque >0.9 mm was found in 4%, 45.9% and 20% of diabetic subjects at the common, bulb or internal carotid, respectively. Only 25% of patients had an HbA1c<7%, while over 41.6% presented with marked hyperglycemia (HbA1c>9%). The prevalence of diabetic subjects with abnormal levels of LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol or blood pressure was 45%, 16.6%, 15% and 65.7%, respectively.ConclusionsCarotid thickness is increased in subjects with diabetes from a rural area of Cameroon, despite the relatively recent diagnosis. These findings and the high rate of uncontrolled diabetes in this population support the increasing concern of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in African countries and indicate the need for multifaceted health interventions in urban and rural settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Carotid Thickness in Subjects with Recently-Diagnosed Diabetes from Rural Cameroon

et al. 2012

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“…Full texts of the remaining 76 records were scrutinized for eligibility, among which 50 were excluded. In the end, 26 studies were retained for meta‐analysis (Supporting Information Figure S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Nansseu

Noubiap

Bigna³

2019

Obesity

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Objective This study aimed to summarize current data on overweight and obesity among adults living in Cameroon. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and local databases were searched for population‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted in the general population from January 2000 to December 2017. A random‐effects model was used to pool data. Results Overall, 26 studies (55,155 participants) were included. The prevalence of overweight was 26.0% (95% CI: 17.6%‐35.3%) based on BMI. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of obesity was 15.1% (95% CI: 9.3%‐22.1%) based on BMI, 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8%‐22.8%) based on waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females, 36.7% (95% CI: 26.8%‐47.2%) based on waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females, 32.6% (95% CI: 26.9%‐38.7%) based on waist to hip ratio ≥ 0.90 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females, and 31.9% (95% CI: 27.8%‐36.2%) based on percent body fat ≥ 25% for males and ≥ 35% for females. Overall, the burden was higher in females compared with males; there was no difference between urban and rural settings or between studies conducted in 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2016. Conclusions The burden of overweight and obesity is high among adults in Cameroon, putting many at increased risk for developing associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications.

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“…However, assessing nutritional and lifestyle risks in SSA has been difficult because of methodological limitations, such as cultural differences, classification of food groups, and imprecise collection of information [68]. Despite these shortcomings on nutrition and lifestyle assessment, studies focusing on food habits need to be undertaken in SSA given that a recent study by Napoli et al [69] in Cameroon showed unexpectedly high rates of obesity and dysglycaemia among the rural population. This is contrary to the belief that this is the case in the urban settings.…”

Section: Transitions: Nutrition and Lifestylementioning

confidence: 97%

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub‐Saharan Africa

Tuei

Maiyoh

2010

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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While communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malaria, and tuberculosis have continued to pose greater threats to the public health system in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), it is now apparent that non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus are undoubtedly adding to the multiple burdens the peoples in this region suffer. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes (90-95%), exhibiting an alarming prevalence among peoples of this region. Its main risk factors include obesity, rapid urbanization, physical inactivity, ageing, nutrition transitions, and socioeconomic changes. Patients in sub-Saharan Africa also show manifestations of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, because of strained economic resources and a poor health care system, most of the patients are diagnosed only after they have overt symptoms and complications. Microvascular complications are the most prevalent, but metabolic disorders and acute infections cause significant mortality. The high cost of treatment of T2DM and its comorbidities, the increasing prevalence of its risk factors, and the gaps in health care system necessitate that solutions be planned and implemented urgently. Aggressive actions and positive responses from well-informed governments appear to be needed for the conducive interplay of all forces required to curb the threat of T2DM in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the varied ethnic and transitional factors and the limited population data on T2DM in sub-Saharan Africa, this review provides an extensive discussion of the literature on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, complications, treatment, and care challenges of T2DM in this region.

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Unexpectedly high rates of obesity and dysglycemia among villagers in Cameroon

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Increased Carotid Thickness in Subjects with Recently-Diagnosed Diabetes from Rural Cameroon

Increased Carotid Thickness in Subjects with Recently-Diagnosed Diabetes from Rural Cameroon

Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in sub‐Saharan Africa

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