Unexplained neurological illness in children, Malkangiri district, Odisha, India 2014

Nayak, Priyakanta; Papanna, Mohan Kumar; Shrivastava, Aakash; Khasnobis, Pradeep; Lokhande, Ganesh S.; Kumar, Anıl; Venkatesh, Srinivas; Patnaik, Bijayananda; Pradhan, Mandakini

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.668

Cited by 4 publications

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“…JE has been known in India since 1952 ( Work and Shah 1956 ). A total of 63 deaths occurred in Malkangiri from four outbreaks (JE/AES) happened during 2009 to 2014 ( Nayak et al 2016a ). All the victims were children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During earlier outbreaks occurred in Malkangiri district, the association of JE was confirmed as JE virus IgM from serological samples and JE virus RNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples was detected ( Dwibedi et al 2015 , Nayak et al 2016a ) and was lacking the supporting entomological confirmations from viral isolation of JE vectors. In the current outbreak, the presence of JEV was confirmed in vector mosquitoes by PCR assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, there is no record of JE infection in the state. Malkangiri district of Odisha state reported 9 deaths among children in 2009 due to acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) ( Nayak et al 2016a ). During September-November 2012, children with AES followed by 38 deaths were reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha by the state Health Department.…”

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Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India

Sahu

Dash

Thankachy

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDA severe outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality was reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India during September to November 2016 affecting 336 children with 103 deaths.OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak in the light of entomological determinants.METHODSEntomological investigation was carried out in 48 villages from four mostly affected Community Health Centres (CHCs) of Malkangiri district. Dusk collections of resting adults was done in villages from indoor and outdoor sites to record the density of mosquito species, including the known JE vectors, feeding behaviour, parity, dusk index and infection status with JE virus (JEV).FINDINGSThe per man hour density and dusk index of JE vector species varied from 2.5 to 24.0 and 0.81 to 7.62, respectively in study villages. A total of 1136 mosquitoes belonging to six vector species were subjected to PCR and one pool of Culex vishnui was found to be positive for JEV.CONCLUSIONThe JE transmission in Malkangiri district was confirmed. Thorough screening of human blood samples of JE/AES suspected cases and JE vector mosquitoes for the presence of JEV during rainy season every year is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India

Sahu

Dash

Thankachy

et al. 2018

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Malkangiri, the southernmost district of Odisha State, India recorded 9 deaths in 2009 due to AES and 38 deaths of children in 2012 due to JE/AES [9,10]. In 2014, eight deaths of children occurred due to AES in Korkunda and Kalimela Community Health Centers (CHCs) of this district [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in Malkangiri district, Odisha State, India

Thankachy

Dash

Sahu

2019

Pathogens and Global Health

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Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne arbo-viral disease with seasonal occurrence. Since 2009, AES/JE cases have been reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha State, India at an interval of one year.In the current study, the entomological parameters of known JE vector mosquito species were assessed for one year in Malkangiri district. Mosquito collections were done fortnightly in the index villages from August 2015 to July 2016 to record the density, their breeding habitats, feeding behaviour, parity, dusk index (DI) and infection status with JE virus. A total of 2347 JE vector mosquitoes belonging to nine species were collected from dusk collections. Culex vishnui (38.3%) was the predominant species followed by Cx. whitmorei (17.3%), Cx. fuscocephalus (13.6%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (11.1%), Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (6.1%), Anopheles subpictus (4.8%), An. barbirostris (4.4%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (2.3%) and Cx. gelidus (2.2%). The average DI of Cx. vishnui was 0.37 which was highest among all JE vector species and varied between 0.02 (April) and 0.9 (November). The human blood indexof Cx. vishnui was 0.026. A total of 1835 JE vector mosquitoes were screened for the isolation of JE virus, but none was found positive. Presence of paddy fields and ponds, abundance of JE vectors and their human feeding habit indicate the risk of JE transmission in the study area. Detection of JE virus in Cx. vishnui during 2016 outbreak in Malkangiri district further confirms that there would be a threat of JE transmission during the favourable period.

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“…Among them, Japanese virus encephalitis (JE), Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSV, varicella-zoster, the Epstein-Barr virus, mumps, measles, enteroviruses, influenza, adenovirus, echovirus, and mycoplasma pneumonia are the most frequent pathogens. 5,6 JE is a vector-borne viral infirmity that accounts for nearly 15% of AES cases, and the etiology of AES in 68%-75% of cases remains unknown. Between January 2008 and August 2014, nearly 44 097 cases with 5728 deaths due to AES were reported in India.…”

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confidence: 99%

Viral Etiological Factors Causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) In Gaya Division, India

et al. 2019

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Background: From Gaya and adjoining regions, the trend in patients admitted with acute neurological illness was investigated. Illnesses were identified as sudden outbreaks of Japanese virus encephalitis (JE), Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSV1&2), and other acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Objective: In the current study, an investigation was carried out to assess potential infectious pathogens in patients aged 16 years or younger who were admitted to Anugrah Narayan Magadh Memorial Medical College Hospital, Gaya, with encephalitis-like symptoms. Methods: Cross-epidemiological, serological, and molecular biological studies were performed on samples collected from 71 patients below 16 years of age. Patients’ clinical histories, i.e. fever, socio-demographic characteristics, and other clinical data, were extracted from patient files. Results: The results showed confirmed AES cases, including 49.30% JE and 7.04% HSV positive patients. A higher casefatality rate of 40% in JE and 40% HSV cases below 7 years of age were observed during treatment would become an unavoidable concern. The epidemical sex ratio was observed to be higher in girls than in boys (1.26:1). Conclusion: The results suggested that JE virus was found to be a main causative risk factor responsible for disease transmission in the outbreak area.

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Unexplained neurological illness in children, Malkangiri district, Odisha, India 2014

Cited by 4 publications

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Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India

Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India

Entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in Malkangiri district, Odisha State, India

Viral Etiological Factors Causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) In Gaya Division, India

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