Unflattened photon beams from the standard flattening filter free accelerators for radiotherapy: Advantages, limitations and challenges

Dosimetric influence of filtered and flattening filter free photon beam on rapid arc (RA) radiotherapy planning in case of cervix carcinoma

“…of MUs to deliver uniform dose to the tumor. 21 Kim et al 18 also reported the same based on a study of monitoring unit efficiency for flattening-filter free photon beam in association with tumor size and location. Increased MUs for FFFB in comparison to FB were also reported by Rout et al 22 and Zwahlen et al 23 in their findings.…”

Determination of small field output factors in 6 and 10 MV flattening filter free photon beams using various detectors

“…The former two are without a flattening filter while the standard linac, typically comes with flattening filter (FF) to produce uniform dose for certain depths, could also be used without flattening filter,(flattening filter free; FFF). Several studies used the FFF photon beams for clinical treatment particularly for stereotactic radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumemetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) [1][2][3]. The main advantages of FFF technology are increasing in dose rate and reducing in head scatter which provided a short delivery time with reducing out of field dose.…”

Analysis of physical parameters and determination of inflection point for Flattening Filter Free beams in medical linear accelerator

“…The removal of a flattening filter results in increased dose rate, reduced mean energy, reduction in head leakage and lateral scattering, which have all shown advantageous in special treatment procedures. 3 Different vendors have different target and beam transport designs to suit the need of customers. The beam profiles generated from these linacs vary in output pattern.…”