Unforeseen high temperature and humidity stability of FeCl3 intercalated few layer graphene

Wehenkel, Dominique; Bointon, Thomas H.; Booth, Tim; Bøggild, Peter; Craciun, Monica F.; Russo, Saverio

doi:10.1038/srep07609

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The extraordinary properties of graphene, the two-dimensional layer of sp 2 carbon atoms, have made it the most studied material of the past decade and are at the origin of a myriad of theoretical and experimental studies [1]- [12] and of a huge variety of applications [13]- [21]. Graphene is an excellent material for electronic devices for its high electron mobility (~1 1 2 4 for suspended graphene [22]), great electric current carrying capacity (~2 8 10 cm A  on SiO2/Si substrate [23]), high thermal conductivity (1 1 for suspended graphene [24] record mechanical strength (Young's modulus is ~1 TPa [25]), resilience to high temperatures (melting temperature estimated as K 4510 [26]) and humidity [27]- [28], resistance to molecule diffusion and chemical stability. Being practically an allsurface material, graphene is also an ideal material for sensing applications: compared to any other material, it offers the largest detecting area, which favors interaction with the ambient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Schottky diodes: An experimental review of the rectifying graphene/semiconductor heterojunction

2016

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In the past decade graphene has been one of the most studied material for several unique and excellent properties. Due to its two dimensional nature, physical and chemical properties and ease of manipulation, graphene offers the possibility of integration with the exiting semiconductor technology for next-generation electronic and sensing devices. In this context, the understanding of the graphene/semiconductor interface is of great importance since it can constitute a versatile standalone device as well as the building-block of more advanced electronic systems. Since graphene was brought to the attention of the scientific community in 2004, the device research has been focused on the more complex graphene transistors, while the graphene/semiconductor junction, despite its importance, has started to be the subject of systematic investigation only recently. As a result, a thorough understanding of the physics and the potentialities of this device is still missing. The studies of the past few years have demonstrated that graphene can form junctions with 3D or 2D semiconducting materials which have rectifying characteristics and behave as excellent Schottky diodes. The main novelty of these devices is the tunable Schottky barrier height, a feature which makes the graphene/semiconductor junction a great platform for the study of interface transport mechanisms as well as for applications in photo-detection, high-speed communications, solar cells, chemical and biological sensing, etc. In this paper, we review the state-of-the art of the research on graphene/semiconductor junctions, the attempts towards a modeling and the most promising applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Schottky diodes: An experimental review of the rectifying graphene/semiconductor heterojunction

2016

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“…16 It is highly stable against 100% humidity and temperature up to 150 o C, 17 and was shown to be a promising material for work function matched transparent electrodes in photovoltaic and organic light emitting devices 5,16 and photodetectors. 18 We compare the performance of this emerging material against the widely-used conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS and other graphene electrodes such as single-layer graphene (SLG) and FLG.…”

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confidence: 99%

Homogeneously Bright, Flexible, and Foldable Lighting Devices with Functionalized Graphene Electrodes

Alonso

Karkera

Jones

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Alternating current electroluminescent technology allows the fabrication of large area, flat and flexible lights. Presently the maximum size of a continuous panel is limited by the high resistivity of available transparent electrode materials causing a visible gradient of brightness.Here, we demonstrate that the use of the best known transparent conductor FeCl 3 -intercalated few-layer graphene boosts the brightness of electroluminescent devices by 49% compared to pristine graphene. Intensity gradients observed for high aspect ratio devices are undetectable when using these highly conductive electrodes. Flat lights on polymer substrates are found to be resilient to repeated and flexural strains. * To whom correspondence should be addressed 1 arXiv:1606.05482v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] Jun 2016Displays and screens are some of the most important devices within the field of optoelectronics.Large-area displays are ubiquitous in advertising, ambient lighting, television, computer screens and almost every device with an interface for its control. Current research is focused on making these devices suitable for the next generation of flexible and foldable optoelectronics. In particular, foldable displays and lighting systems would allow expandable screens for smart phones and electronic paper, wearable optoelectronics, rollable or collapsible wallpaper lights, and biocompatible light sources for medical devices. To date, alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) technology uniquely enables the realization of flat, large-area (≈ 1m 2 ) and flexible light sources. 1 ACEL devices have good contrast and uniform brightness. They can display images with high resolution when employing nano-patterned electrodes and they can withstand mechanical shocks as well as a wide range of temperatures. 2,3 Presently, the maximum size of ACEL lighting panels is still limited to less than a square meter under practical operational conditions. This is due to the visible gradient of brightness which develops across a panel induced by the high sheet resistance (typically larger than 100Ω/2) of the transparent electrode materials. 4,5 Highly resistive electrodes also require a high operational voltage and frequency, leading to increased power consumption and accelerated device degradation. 1,5 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a transparent and conductive polymer widely used by the printed electronics industry owing to its high mechanical flexibility. However, PEDOT:PSS has a high sheet resistance of 850Ω/2 for an optical transparency of 90%, 6-8 an unwanted blue tinge 8 and limited environmental stability. 6-8 When exposed to relative humidity of just 40%, the uptake of water by the hygroscopic PSS leads to the development of shear lips when the films are deformed, greatly increasing the sheet resistance. 7 Moreover, the absorption of water combined with the acidity of PSS is a well-known cause of degradation in device components. 9,10 Atomically thin conductors such as graphene possess many attrac...

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“…However, FeCl 3 functionalized graphene is much more than just a high-performance transparent conductor; it offers a gamut of exciting properties and potential for various applications. Examples include an unforeseen stability to harsh environmental conditions [31], ease of large-area processing [32], the realization of allgraphene photodetectors [32] and the potential to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic and organic light-emitting devices [32,33]. When used as a transparent electrode in electroluminescent devices, FeCl 3 -functionalized graphene also increases the brightness of the emitted light by up to 50% when compared with pristine graphene, and up to 30% compared with stateof-the-art commercial electrodes [34].…”

Section: New Routes To Patterning Fecl 3 -Functionalized Graphene Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the above issues have been recently tackled using FeCl 3 -intercalated FLG [13,[31][32][33][34][35]42] (FeCl 3 -FLG), together with a new way to define optically active junctions [43]. As shown in figure 2a, a laser beam is used to control the [13,32] and consequent p-type doping of the graphene.…”

Section: New Routes To Patterning Fecl 3 -Functionalized Graphene Formentioning

confidence: 99%

New routes to the functionalization patterning and manufacture of graphene-based materials for biomedical applications

Sanctis¹,

Russo²,

Craciun³

et al. 2018

Interface Focus.

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Graphene-based materials are being widely explored for a range of biomedical applications, from targeted drug delivery to biosensing, bioimaging and use for antibacterial treatments, to name but a few. In many such applications, it is not graphene itself that is used as the active agent, but one of its chemically functionalized forms. The type of chemical species used for functionalization will play a key role in determining the utility of any graphene-based device in any particular biomedical application, because this determines to a large part its physical, chemical, electrical and optical interactions. However, other factors will also be important in determining the eventual uptake of graphene-based biomedical technologies, in particular the ease and cost of manufacture of proposed device and system designs. In this work, we describe three novel routes for the chemical functionalization of graphene using oxygen, iron chloride and fluorine. We also introduce novel methods for controlling and patterning such functionalization on the micro- and nanoscales. Our approaches are readily transferable to large-scale manufacturing, potentially paving the way for the eventual cost-effective production of functionalized graphene-based materials, devices and systems for a range of important biomedical applications.

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Unforeseen high temperature and humidity stability of FeCl3 intercalated few layer graphene

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Graphene Schottky diodes: An experimental review of the rectifying graphene/semiconductor heterojunction

Graphene Schottky diodes: An experimental review of the rectifying graphene/semiconductor heterojunction

Homogeneously Bright, Flexible, and Foldable Lighting Devices with Functionalized Graphene Electrodes

New routes to the functionalization patterning and manufacture of graphene-based materials for biomedical applications

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