Unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of metabolic syndrome - the Romanian experience

Abstract

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Many studies have shown the influence of an unhealthy lifestyle on the risk of MetS, yet some aspects remain controversial. Aim of the study: to investigate the relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of MetS. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using a sample of 181 patients, 54 (29.8%) males and 127 (70.2%) females, aged 59.95±10.8 years. The baseline survey involved the completion of structured questionnaires and clinical examination. Results. Rural environment, lower education level, past smoking, the absence of fruit/vegetables in the diet, carbonated soft drinks, and the consumption of significant amounts of alcohol were risk factors for the MetS. Conclusion. A precise etiology for the MetS remains unclear, but it is known to result from a complex interaction of genetic, metabolic, and socioeconomic and environmental factors.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among a population-based study in south of Iran, PERSIAN Kharameh cohort study

“…Cozma and colleagues stated that living in rural areas is a major risk factor for MetS. 46 Noshad and colleagues also showed that MetS and all is individual components were significant by area of living, with more significant difference in subjects living in urban areas, 38 which was in accordance with results of our study. the mild difference between the results of these two studies may be contributed to urbanization of Iran as well as diet modification in both urban and rural areas, 50 which significantly affect the frequency of abdominal obesity and subsequently other components of MetS.…”

“…27 A number of previous studies also revealed a reverse association between lower educational level and risk of MetS. 46,47 Ha et al reported that subjects with high school education or higher were less likely to develop three or four components of MetS compared with those with high school and primary school education. 48 In contrast, a study conducted on Chinese adults showed that CVD risk factors are more prevalent in high-income families with high educational level.…”

“…49 Accordingly, there is evidence that lower education is correlated with lower income and lower socioeconomic status. 46 Besides, higher educated individuals tend to have more health information and subsequently have better health status and healthier lifestyle.…”

Cardio metabolic risk factors for atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity

“…Many studies have shown conflicting results regarding the impact of the metabolic syndrome on AF development, with some suggesting that AF is rather linked to some components of the metabolic syndrome rather than to the metabolic syndrome itself (5). The metabolic syndrome, defined as the co-occurrence of several metabolic risk factors in a single patient, can be easily diagnosed in a routine check-up and it is a common finding among Romanian patients, some studies reporting a prevalence >65% (7).…”

Immune and Inflammatory Pathways in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). An update

“…Obesity is associated with atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (13). The incidence of metabolic syndrome is continually increasing, because of unhealthy lifestyle changes in the general populationan increasing consumption of fast foods, high-fat diets and processed foods, a sedentary life style, and lack of physical exercise (14).…”