Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile Strength of Calf Pericardium Used in the Construction of Bioprostheses: Biomaterial Selection Criteria

Páez, J. M. García; Carrera, A.; Cordón, A.; Jorge-Herrero, Eduardo; Rocha, A.; Salvador, J; Méndez, J.; Castillo‐Olivares, J. L.; Milláan, Isabel; Sainz, Natividad

doi:10.1106/77v6-pmk9-duh4-llr8

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are several studies on the mechanical properties of chemically-treated or fresh BP using biaxial testing [21, 33–35], however, the biaxial mechanical response of thinner, younger BP tissues has not been investigated. To our knowledge, the only two studies that have used multi-protocol planar biaxial testing to characterize and compare the mechanical properties of BP and PP tissues were conducted by Li and Sun [36] and Labrosse et at.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of transcatheter heart valve biomaterials: Biomechanical characterization of bovine and porcine pericardium

Caballero

Sulejmani

Martin

et al. 2017

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Objective Bovine pericardium (BP) has been identified as a choice biomaterial for the development of surgical bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) and transcatheter aortic valves (TAV). Porcine pericardium (PP) and younger BP have been suggested as candidates TAV leaflet biomaterials for smaller-profile devices due to their reduced thickness; however, their mechanical and structural properties remain to be fully characterized. This study characterized the material properties of chemically treated thick (PPK) and thin (PPN) PP, as well as fetal (FBP), calf (CBP) and adult (ABP) BP tissues in order to better understand their mechanical behavior. Methods Planar biaxial testing and uniaxial failure testing methods were employed to quantify tissue mechanical responses and failure properties. Fiber characteristics were examined using histological analysis. Results ABP and CBP tissues were significantly stiffer and stronger than the younger FBP tissues. Histological analysis revealed a significantly larger concentration of thin immature collagen fibers in the FBP tissues than in the ABP and CBP tissues. While PP tissues were thinnest, they were stiffer and less extensible than the BP tissues. Conclusions Due to comparable mechanical properties but significantly reduced thickness, CBP tissue may be a more suitable material for TAV manufacturing than ABP tissue. FBP tissue, despite its reduced thickness and higher flexibility, was weaker and should be studied in more detail. Although PP tissues are the thinnest, they were least extensible and failed at earlier strain than BP tissues. The differences between PP and BP tissues should be further investigated and suggest that they should not be used interchangeably in the manufacturing of TAV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of transcatheter heart valve biomaterials: Biomechanical characterization of bovine and porcine pericardium

Caballero

Sulejmani

Martin

et al. 2017

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…The thickness of each sample was determined by a series of measurements at five different points using a Mitutoyo digital micrometer. The samples were clamped in such a way as to leave a free lumen of 50 mm, and were subjected to increasing uniaxial (root‐to‐apex) tensile stress until rupture (confirmed by the loss of load and the appearance of tears in the tissue) using an Instron TTG4 tensile tester (Instron Ltd., High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK) as described elsewhere (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility and Calcification of Bovine Pericardium Employed for the Construction of Cardiac Bioprostheses Treated With Different Chemical Crosslink Methods

et al. 2010

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The use of biological materials in the construction of bioprostheses requires the application of different chemical procedures to improve the durability of the material without producing any undesirable effects. A number of crosslinking methods have been tested in biological tissues composed mainly of collagen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility, the mechanical properties, and in vivo calcification of chemically modified bovine pericardium using glutaraldehyde acetals (GAAs) in comparison with glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment. Homsy's tests showed that the most cytotoxic treatment is GA whereas GAA treatments showed lower cytotoxicity. Regarding the mechanical properties of the modified materials, no significant differences in stress at rupture were detected among the different treatments. Zeta-Potential showed higher negative values for GA treatment (-4.9 +/- 0.6 mV) compared with GAA-0.625% (-2.2 +/- 0.5 mV) and GAA-1% (-2.2 +/- 0.4 mV), which presented values similar to native tissue. Similar results were obtained for calcium permeability coefficients which showed the highest values for GA treatment (0.12 +/- 0.02 mm(2)/min), being significantly lower for GAA treatments or non-crosslinked pericardium. These results confirmed the higher propensity of the GA-treated tissues for attraction of calcium cations and were in good agreement with the calcification degree obtained after 60 days implantation into young rats, which was significantly higher for the GA group (22.70 +/- 20.80 mg/g dry tissue) compared with GAA-0.625% and GAA-1% groups (0.49 +/- 0.28 mg/g dry tissue and 3.51 +/- 3.27 mg/g dry tissue, respectively; P < 0.001). In conclusion, GAA treatments can be considered a promising alternative to GA treatment.

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“…This excellent fit makes it possible, by applying regression (Table 4), to predict the stress associated with each degree of elongation of the sutured samples, once these values have been determined for the unsutured mates. Thus, this selection system is also valid for sutured tissue [30].…”

Section: Predictive Study (Linear Regression Analysis)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of the Selection of the Suture Material on the Mechanical Behavior of a Biomaterial to be Employed in the Construction of Implants. Part 1: Calf Pericardium

et al. 2001

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A hydraulic stress simulator was employed to study the mechanical behavior of the calf pericardium used in the construction of cardiac valve leaflets. One hundred eighty pairs of tissue samples were subjected to tensile testing to rupture. One of the two samples from each of 144 pairs (four series of 36 pairs each) was sutured with commercially available threads made of nylon, silk, Prolene or Gore-Tex, while the other sample in each of these pairs was left unsewn. The remaining 36 pairs were employed as controls in which neither of the two samples was subjected to suturing. The sutured tissue samples showed a significant decrease in tensile strength at rupture (range: 11.81 to 26.04 MPa) when compared with unsutured samples (range: 39.38 to 87.96 MPa; p < 0.01). The application of morphological and mechanical selection criteria to maximize the homogeneity of the samples provided excellent fit with respect to the stress/strain curves. This method made it possible to carry out a predictive study of the mechanical behavior of a sutured sample, based on that observed in the corresponding unsutured fragment. The interaction of the different suture materials with the pericardial tissue was also assessed by comparing the mechanical behavior of the sutured samples with that of the control samples. At stresses of less than 0.8 MPa, samples sewn with Gore-Tex were found to show the least difference with respect to the controls, indicating that this material presented the lowest degree of interaction with the pericardium. In conclusion, the degree of the loss of resistance to tearing of the sutured samples is of no value in the selection of the optimal suture material. The selection process applied makes it possible to predict the mechanical behavior in response to suturing of a given unsewn tissue specimen by determining that of its sutured mate. The similarity between the findings in samples sewn with Gore-Tex and in the unsutured controls indicates a lesser degree of interaction between the suture material and the pericardium employed in the construction of cardiac valve leaflets.

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Uniaxial and Biaxial Tensile Strength of Calf Pericardium Used in the Construction of Bioprostheses: Biomaterial Selection Criteria

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of transcatheter heart valve biomaterials: Biomechanical characterization of bovine and porcine pericardium

Evaluation of transcatheter heart valve biomaterials: Biomechanical characterization of bovine and porcine pericardium

Biocompatibility and Calcification of Bovine Pericardium Employed for the Construction of Cardiac Bioprostheses Treated With Different Chemical Crosslink Methods

Influence of the Selection of the Suture Material on the Mechanical Behavior of a Biomaterial to be Employed in the Construction of Implants. Part 1: Calf Pericardium

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