Unidirectional Charge Transport via Ripplonic Polarons in a Three-Terminal Microchannel Device

Badrutdinov, A. O.; Rees, David G.; Lin, J. Y.; Smorodin, A. V.; Konstantinov, Denis

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.126803

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This method allows us to perform controlled highfrequency acoustoelectric charge pumping within the electron system. These measurements also show that SAWs are a versatile tool for interrogating the dynamical processes in electrons on helium including, when extended to lower temperature, investigations of plasmon modes and ripplo-polaronic excitations of the Wigner solid 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

et al. 2021

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Piezoelectric surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are powerful for investigating and controlling elementary and collective excitations in condensed matter. In semiconductor two-dimensional electron systems SAWs have been used to reveal the spatial and temporal structure of electronic states, produce quantized charge pumping, and transfer quantum information. In contrast to semiconductors, electrons trapped above the surface of superfluid helium form an ultra-high mobility, two-dimensional electron system home to strongly-interacting Coulomb liquid and solid states, which exhibit non-trivial spatial structure and temporal dynamics prime for SAW-based experiments. Here we report on the coupling of electrons on helium to an evanescent piezoelectric SAW. We demonstrate precision acoustoelectric transport of as little as ~0.01% of the electrons, opening the door to future quantized charge pumping experiments. We also show SAWs are a route to investigating the high-frequency dynamical response, and relaxational processes, of collective excitations of the electronic liquid and solid phases of electrons on helium.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

et al. 2021

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“…We find that τ RC = 7.7 µs (see Supplemental Information Section 3), which is in reasonable agreement with our SAW measurements. In addition to demonstrating controlled charge pumping, these measurements show that SAWs are a versatile new tool for interrogating the dynamical processes in electrons on helium including, when extended to lower temperature, investigations of plasmon modes and ripplo-polaronic excitations of the Wigner solid [28]. The resonance in the transmitted power at ν = 296 MHz is associated with the generation of SAW on the substrate.…”

Section: (B) Inset)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

Byeon,

Nasyedkin,

Lane

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Piezoelectric surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are powerful for investigating and controlling elementary and collective excitations in condensed matter. In semiconductors SAWs have been used to reveal the underlying spatial and temporal structure of quantum phases of electronic matter [1-3], produce quantized charge pumping [4], transfer quantum information [5], and coherently control single electron states [6], culminating in the possibility of SAW-driven electronic flying qubits [7].However important challenges remain in protecting the coherence of propagating electrons from uncontrolled background nuclear spins, chemical dopants and spin-orbit crystal fields [8]. In contrast, electrons trapped on the surface of superfluid helium form a ultra-clean low-dimensional electron system devoid of the imperfections limiting the coherence in semiconductors. However, SAWs have not, to-date, been employed to manipulate electrons in this system or to explore the development of flying-qubits. Additionally, electrons on helium form strongly-interacting Coulomb liquid and solid states having collective dynamics that can couple to SAWs. Here we report on the first coupling of electrons on helium to an evanescent piezoelectric SAW. The electrons surf with the piezoelectric wave and we demonstrate high-frequency charge pumping in this system for the first time. With this piezoacoustic method we can precisely transport as little as ∼ 0.01% of the total electron density, opening the door to quantized charge pumping, the possibility of electrical metrology, and ultimately single electron state transfer with electrons on helium. We also show that SAWs are a route to directly investigating the high-frequency dynamical response, and relaxational processes, of collective excitations of the electronic liquid and solid phases of electrons on helium.

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“…Electrons floating on liquid helium surface have been considered as an alternative physical system to implement quantum computation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Sommer first noticed that there is a barrier at the surface of liquid helium that prevents electrons from entering its interior [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Current Induced by Microwave Stark Effect of Electrons on Liquid Helium

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Wei³

2022

Preprint

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We propose a frequency-mixed effect of Terahertz (THz) and Gigahertz (GHz) electromagnetic waves in the cryogenic system of electrons floating on liquid helium surface. The THz wave is near-resonant with the transition frequency between the lowest two levels of surface state electrons. The GHz wave does not excite the transitions but generates a GHz-varying Stark effect with the symmetry-breaking eigenstates of electrons on liquid helium. We show an effective coupling between the inputting THz and GHz waves, which appears at the critical point that the detuning between electrons and THz wave is equal to the frequency of GHz wave. By this coupling, the THz and GHz waves cooperatively excite electrons and generate the low-frequency ac currents along the perpendicular direction of liquid helium surface to be experimentally detected by the image-charge approach [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 086801 (2019)]. This offers an alternative approach for THz detections. IntroductionElectrons floating on liquid helium surface have been considered as an alternative physical system to implement quantum computation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Sommer first noticed that there is a barrier at the surface of liquid helium that prevents electrons from entering its interior [12]. Therefore, in addition to the attractive force of image charge in liquid helium, the surface electron forms a one-dimensional (1D) hydrogen atom above liquid helium surface [13][14][15]. The two lowest levels of the 1D hydrogen atoms have been proposed to encode the qubits, which have good scalability due to the strong Coulomb interactions between electrons [1]. However, the single electron detection is still very difficult in experiments. Recently, E. Kawakami et.al. have used the image-charge approach to experimentally detect the Rydberg states of surface electrons on liquid helium [16]. Compared with the conventional microwave absorption method, this method may be more effective to detect the quantum state of surface electrons [17,18].The transition frequency between the lowest two levels of surface electrons is in the regime of Terahertz (THz) and therefore has perhaps applications in the fields of THz detection and generation. The THz spectrum is between the usual microwave and infrared regions, and has many practical applications [19], such as THz wireless communication [20], astronomical observation [21], Earth's atmosphere monitoring [22], and the food safety [23]. Specially, in biological and medical fields [24,25], THz imaging have smaller damages in body than X-ray, but higher resolution than mechanical supersonic waves.In this paper, we show a frequency-mixed effect of the THz and the Gigahertz (GHz) electromagnetic waves in the system of electrons floating on liquid helium. This effect could be applied to detect THz radiation. In our mixer, the inputting THz wave near-resonantly excites the transition between the lowest two levels of surface state electrons. The GHz wave does not excite the transitions but generates a GHz-varying Stark effect. T...

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Unidirectional Charge Transport via Ripplonic Polarons in a Three-Terminal Microchannel Device

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

Piezoacoustics for precision control of electrons floating on helium

Electric Current Induced by Microwave Stark Effect of Electrons on Liquid Helium

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