Unidirectional Solidification of Pb-Sn Alloys in a Rotating Magnetic Field

Abstract

Cylindrical Pb-Sn alloy samples (diameter: 8 mm, length: 120 mm) of different compositions (30, 40 and 50 wt.% of Sn) were prepared from high pure (4N) components. The unidirectional solidification experiments have been performed according to the upward vertical Bridgman-method by using a rotating magnetic field (RMF) with a magnetic induction of 150 mT and with a frequency of 50 Hz. The sample-movement velocity was constant (0.05 mm/s) and the temperature gradient changed from 7 to 3 K/mm during the solidification process. The first half of samples was solidified without using the magnetic field and the second half was solidified by using the magnetic field. Under the influence of this strong flow induced by the magnetic field, the columnar microstructure of the first part decomposed and a characteristic "Christmas tree"- like macrosegregated structure with equiaxed Pb-dendrites was developed. The secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and the volume percent of primary Pb-phase (dendrite) were measured by an automatic image analyser on the longitudinal polished sections along the whole length of the samples. The effect of the forced melt flow on the micro-and macrostructure was studied in case of the different sample compositions.

Mushy Zone Morphology Calculation with Application of CALPHAD Technique

“…Applied stirring with induction B = 6 mT induced first azimuthal flow and additional secondary flows in radial and axial directions [14][15][16] still by laminar flow and produced characteristic microstructure features including enrichment of eutectics or intermetallics in the specimen center. Such structures were previously observed in AlSiMg [17], AlSiCu, [18], AlSiFe [14,[19][20][21], Pb-Sn [22], Sn-Cd [23] alloys, where segregation of alloying elements, particular location of phases or modification of dendritic structure might be observed.…”

Thermo-Calc Prediction of Mushy Zone in AlSiFeMn Alloys

“…Fluid flow caused characteristic microstructure features previously found in alloys of AlSiMg [24], AlSiCu, [25], AlSiFe [21,[26][27][28], Pb-Sn [29], and Sn-Cd [30], where segregation of elements, modification of dendrites or specific location of precipitate might be observed. Chemical compositions across each processed sample were precisely measured and those compositions were located on the Al-Si-Fe, Al-Si-Mn and Al-Fe-Mn ternary diagrams.…”