Unified and simplified treatment of techniques for characterising transmission, reflection or absorption resonators

Sánchez, M. Carmen; Martin, E.; Zamarro, J.M.

doi:10.1049/ip-h-2.1990.0041

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Accurate determination of resonance parameters in order to give accurate viscosity and density readings is therefore more demanding in higher viscous fluids. Various approaches for resonance estimation are reported in the microwave literature [205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215] which prepared the ground for precise resonant fluid sensors. Among the available methods, only the ones using complex frequency spectra are considered here ignoring methods using only magnitude signals such as reported in [216,217].…”

Section: Resonance Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical resonators for sensing fluid density and viscosity—a review

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier

Jakoby

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The resonance characteristics of vibrating structures change when they are immersed in fluids and these changes can be related to the parameters density and viscosity of Newtonian liquids. The various suitable structures, vibration modes, transduction principles, and signal analysis methods lead to an immense variety of sensor systems reported in the literature. In this review, we focus on the basic similarities between various electromechanical transducers and their evaluation methods and show that despite the apparent differences, a common design route can be followed. It is outlined that single vibration modes can be approximated by damped harmonic oscillators where the hydrodynamic loading is accounted for by a general model. The two common classes of sensors, the piezoelectric and the electrodynamic, can be described by dual circuits such that the same resonance estimation method can be applied. Also, the limitations associated with this unified approach are discussed. Furthermore, aspects concerning interface circuits and accuracy-limiting factors, such as noise and interference, are reviewed.

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Section: Resonance Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical resonators for sensing fluid density and viscosity—a review

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier

Jakoby

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…Q < 100, as it might be the case for resonant viscosity and mass density sensors when examining high viscous liquids, asymmetries in both, the resonator's velocity and deflection frequency response become large. Due to these deformations, searching the maximum peak frequency and the frequencies where the amplitude decreased to the 1/ √ 2 of the peak values or methods based on a Lorentzian fit [16,17] are not appropriate methods for evaluating resonance frequency f r and Q. In this work, an algorithm presented in [18], which was especially developed for highly damped resonators is used.…”

Section: Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of resonant steel tuning forks with circular and rectangular cross sections for precise mass density and viscosity measurements

Heinisch

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier

Reichel

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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“…In the remainder of this section, the Lorentzian fit [9,15]a widely used method for estimating the Q-factor and resonant frequency of second-order systems-is briefly reviewed. This method is based on equation ( 2), but the resonance behavior is approximated by a Lorentzian distribution using the substitution…”

Section: Resonance Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which is valid for very narrowband measurements. The benefits of this approach are that it is applicable for measurements where no phase information is available, and furthermore, the equations can be transformed to a first-order linear system hence avoiding the need for an iterative method for solving the equation [15]. The major disadvantage of the Lorentzian estimation is the approximation error.…”

Section: Resonance Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the robust measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor of significantly damped resonating devices

Niedermayer¹,

Voglhuber-Brunnmaier²,

Sell³

et al. 2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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For many applications, resonating sensors can be designed which exhibit excellent sensitivity of the resonant parameters (resonant frequency and quality factor) to the wanted physical parameters. When the resonant parameters are to be derived from measured data, the utilized signal processing algorithm significantly affects the precision of the obtained results, in particular, when the resonance is impaired with spurious contributions. In particular, for systems with low Q-factors (e.g., electromechanical resonators in viscous liquids with Q < 100), the measurement precision suffers from various unwanted spectral components induced by parasitic effects of the resonator and measurement errors. In order to separate the adverse effects from the ideal second-order characteristics, three related methods for estimating the parameters of second-order resonant systems are introduced in this paper extending established methods. To this end, the spectrum is separated into a component induced by a second-order resonant system and an unknown background spectrum.

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Unified and simplified treatment of techniques for characterising transmission, reflection or absorption resonators

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Electromechanical resonators for sensing fluid density and viscosity—a review

Electromechanical resonators for sensing fluid density and viscosity—a review

Application of resonant steel tuning forks with circular and rectangular cross sections for precise mass density and viscosity measurements

Methods for the robust measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor of significantly damped resonating devices

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