Unified model of matter-wave-packet evolution and application to spatial coherence of atom interferometers

Japha, Yonathan

doi:10.1103/physreva.104.053310

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The coherence of a SGI critically depends on how much the interferometer sequence is able to bring the final position and momentum of the particle wavepackets along the two paths back into the same values, namely to a full ovelap. This task requires a very precise manipulation of the paths and presents a difficult challenge for fullloop spatial interferometers, as discussed in the context of the SGI under the name "Humpty-Dumpty effect" in the end of the 1980's [8][9][10] (see also more recent work [11]) and very recently in connection to the realization of SGI on an atom chip [5,13]. In the case of a SGI based on a single spin in a rigid body we should also be concerned about the precise recombination of the angular DOF, angle and angular momentum.…”

Section: Precision Of Recombination Of the Angular Dofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that just before the interferometer σ θ (0) = σ 0 = h/2Iω is the width of the ground state. The evolution in the interferometer is governed by the differential equation [13] where the first term on the right-hand-side represents a repulsive force originating in the quantum potential due to the kinetic energy, and the second term is the harmonic force, in which ω(t) = ω(0) when the NV is in the state |− and ω(t) = 0 when it is in the state |0 . The equations for each of the paths can be solved analytically [14] but it is easier here to solve them numerically.…”

Section: Precision Of Recombination Of the Angular Dofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of rotations in Stern-Gerlach interferometry with massive objects

Japha¹,

Folman²

2022

Preprint

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Realizing a spatial superposition with massive objects is one of the most fundamental challenges, as it will test quantum theory in new regimes, probe quantum-gravity, and enable to test exotic theories like gravitationally induced collapse. A natural extension of the successful implementation of an atomic Stern-Gerlach interferometer (SGI), is a SGI with a nano-diamond (ND) in which a single spin is embedded in the form of a nitrogen-vacancy center (NV). As the ND rotation, and with it the rotation of the NV spin direction, may inhibit such a realization, both in terms of Newtonian trajectories and quantum phases, we analyze here the role of rotations in the SGI. We take into account fundamental limits, such as those imposed by the quantum angular uncertainty relation and thermal fluctuations. We provide a detailed recipe for which a superposition of massive objects is enabled. This may open the door not only to fundamental tests, but also to new forms of quantum technology.

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Section: Precision Of Recombination Of the Angular Dofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precision Of Recombination Of the Angular Dofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of rotations in Stern-Gerlach interferometry with massive objects

Japha¹,

Folman²

2022

Preprint

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“…The numerical simulation presented in figure 2, was performed by using the wavepacket evolution method [15,18], for a BEC under the influence of time-dependent potentials. After the final gradient pulse of duration T 3 , there are four wavepackets such that each pair corresponding to the same spin state is summed coherently to yield an interference pattern, and the probabilities of the two interference patterns are summed incoherently to yield the sum pattern.…”

Section: Appendix C Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous periodicity in superpositions of localized periodic patterns

et al. 2022

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Interference between overlapping periodic patterns gives rise to important phenomena, such as moiré fringes, appearing when the patterns have different periods or orientations. Here we present a novel phenomenon, applicable to both the classical and quantum regimes, where two one-dimensional localized periodic patterns with the same period interfere to create fringes with anomalous periodicity. We analyze the effect theoretically and demonstrate it with atomic matter waves. When a central parameter of the system is scanned continuously, we observe a discontinuous but piecewise-rigid periodicity of the resulting fringes. We show that this is a universal phenomenon that emerges from a superposition of two spatially shifted localized periodic patterns of any source or nature when they interfere with a global phase difference. The rigidity of the spectrum becomes even more robust for a coherent superposition of non-overlapping wavepackets, although the conventional interferometric visibility drops to zero. The effect is expected to appear in space and time, as well as in the momentum distribution of quantum particles.

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“…Furthermore, the calculation of phase diffusion rate used the time-dependent Thomas-Fermi model which neglects the transverse kinetic energy and may allow the transverse size of the BEC to shrink below the waveguide ground-state size. An improved calculation that takes the kinetic energy into account [71] would reduce the rate of phase diffusion and improve the sensitivity.…”

Section: Refinement: Quantum Revivals and Larger Ringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-pass guided atomic Sagnac interferometer for high-performance rotation sensing

Moukouri,

Japha,

Keil

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Matter-wave interferometry with atoms propagating in a guiding potential is expected to provide compact, scalable and precise inertial sensing. However, a rotation sensing device based on the Sagnac effect with atoms guided in a ring has not yet been implemented despite continuous efforts during the last two decades. Here we discuss some intrinsic effects that limit the coherence in such a device and propose a scheme that overcomes these limitations and enables a multi-pass guiding Sagnac interferometer with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) on a chip in a ring potential. We analyze crucial dephasing effects: potential roughness, phase diffusion due to atom-atom interactions and number uncertainty, and phase fluctuations. Owing to the recent progress in achieving high momentum beam splitting, creating smooth guides, and manipulating the matter-wavepacket propagation, guided interferometry can be implemented within the coherence time allowed by phase diffusion. Despite the lower particle flux in a guided Sagnac ring and the miniaturization of the interferometer, the estimated sensitivity, for reasonable and practical realizations of an atom chipbased gyroscope, is comparable to that of free-space interferometers, reaching 45 nrad s -1 Hz -1/2 . A significant improvement over state-of-the-art free-space gyrocope sensitivities can be envisioned by using thermal atoms instead of a BEC, whereby the interferometer can be operated in a continuous fashion with the coherence limited by the scattering rate of the atoms with the background gas. Taking into account the sensitivity times length of the interferometer as the figure of merit which takes into account compactness, our configuration is expected to deliver a potential improvement of 2-4 orders of magnitude over state-of-the-art free-space gyroscopes for a BEC, and 4-6 orders of magnitude for thermal atoms.

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Unified model of matter-wave-packet evolution and application to spatial coherence of atom interferometers

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Role of rotations in Stern-Gerlach interferometry with massive objects

Role of rotations in Stern-Gerlach interferometry with massive objects

Anomalous periodicity in superpositions of localized periodic patterns

Multi-pass guided atomic Sagnac interferometer for high-performance rotation sensing

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