Unified modeling behavior of rockfill materials along different loading stress paths

Modification of the Reloading Plastic Modulus in Generalized Plasticity Models for Soil by Introducing a New Equation for the Memory Parameter in Cyclic Loadings

“…A precise analysis and design need accurate knowledge and definitions of materials' behavior, which necessitate using an appropriate constitutive model. Accordingly, in recent decades, many researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering have tried to propose and develop suitable and relatively accurate constitutive models to appropriately show the behavior of soils (see, for example, [1][2][3][4]). On the other hand, one of the situations that may result in the failure of structures is related to dynamic and cyclic loading of soils and the related problems, such as liquefaction observed during earthquakes [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…However, some limitations of this model restrict its wide application for the analysis of complex soil behavior in various conditions. Therefore, various researchers have proposed different modified models on the basis of the generalized plasticity theory for the improvement of the capability of the main model (see [1,6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]). As a modification, the concept of the state parameter has been used as a tool to associate the sand behavior to density (or the void ratio) and the mean confining stress, and, as a result, to enter the concept of critical state soil mechanics into the constitutive models.…”