Unified superfluid dark sector

Ferreira, Elisa G. M.; Franzmann, Guilherme; Khoury, Justin; Brandenberger, Robert H.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/08/027

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(292 reference statements)

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“…A similar mechanism that generates a dynamical DE component at late times in the context of the DM superfluid model can be seen inFerreira et al (2019), presented also briefly in Sect. 4.4.2 of this review.…”

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confidence: 70%

“…There is another way to explain the late time acceleration using these ultra-light fields, where the acceleration is not given by this behaving like a quintessence field. This can be done in the context of the DM superfluid, where the dark energy behaviour is yet another manifestation of the same superfluid that emerges at cosmological scales at late times, as presented in Ferreira et al (2019);.…”

Section: Superfluid Dm-unified Superfluid Dark Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-light dark matter

Ferreira

2021

Astron Astrophys Rev

259

126

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Ultra-light dark matter is a class of dark matter models (DM), where DM is composed by bosons with masses ranging from $$10^{-24}\, \mathrm {eV}< m < \mathrm {eV}$$ 10 - 24 eV < m < eV . These models have been receiving a lot of attention in the past few years given their interesting property of forming a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) or a superfluid on galactic scales. BEC and superfluidity are some of the most striking quantum mechanical phenomena that manifest on macroscopic scales, and upon condensation, the particles behave as a single coherent state, described by the wavefunction of the condensate. The idea is that condensation takes place inside galaxies while outside, on large scales, it recovers the successes of $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM. This wave nature of DM on galactic scales that arise upon condensation can address some of the curiosities of the behaviour of DM on small-scales. There are many models in the literature that describe a DM component that condenses in galaxies. In this review, we are going to describe those models, and classify them into three classes, according to the different non-linear evolution and structures they form in galaxies: the fuzzy dark matter (FDM), the self-interacting fuzzy dark matter (SIFDM), and the DM superfluid. Each of these classes comprises many models, each presenting a similar phenomenology in galaxies. They also include some microscopic models like the axions and axion-like particles. To understand and describe this phenomenology in galaxies, we are going to review the phenomena of BEC and superfluidity that arise in condensed matter physics, and apply this knowledge to DM. We describe how ULDM can potentially reconcile the cold DM picture with the small-scale behaviour. These models present a rich phenomenology that is manifest in different astrophysical consequences. We review here the astrophysical and cosmological tests used to constrain those models, together with new and future observations that promise to test these models in different regimes. For the case of the FDM class, the mass where this model has an interesting phenomenology on small-scales $$ \sim 10^{-22}\, \mathrm {eV}$$ ∼ 10 - 22 eV , is strongly challenged by current observations. The parameter space for the other two classes remains weakly constrained. We finalize by showing some predictions that are a consequence of the wave nature of this component, like the creation of vortices and interference patterns, that could represent a smoking gun in the search of these rich and interesting alternative class of DM models.

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confidence: 70%

Section: Superfluid Dm-unified Superfluid Dark Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-light dark matter

Ferreira

2021

Astron Astrophys Rev

259

126

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“…The six massive gluons from the broken exceptional G(2) group, mainly as stable J PC = 0 ++ (and possibly J PC = 2 ++ ) glueballs, could clump and organize into dark matter halos, in form of a heavy bosons gas or in some fluid systems 152,153 , for sufficiently low temperatures and/or enough high densities. Indeed, the idea of a (super) fluid dark matter has recently attracted attention in literature, from Khoury's promising proposal of a unified superfluid dark sector 154,155 . The fact that dark matter particles could assume different "phases" according to the environment (gas, fluid or BECs) is very suitable to account for the plethora of dark matter observations at all scales, from galactic to cosmological ones.…”

Section: Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exceptional G(2) extension of the Standard Model from the correspondence with Cayley–Dickson algebras automorphism groups

Masi

2021

Sci Rep

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In this article I propose a new criterion to extend the Standard Model of particle physics from a straightforward algebraic conjecture: the symmetries of physical microscopic forces originate from the automorphism groups of main Cayley–Dickson algebras, from complex numbers to octonions and sedenions. This correspondence leads to a natural enlargement of the Standard Model color sector, from a SU(3) gauge group to an exceptional Higgs-broken G(2) group, following the octonionic automorphism relation guideline. In this picture, an additional ensemble of massive G(2)-gluons emerges, which is separated from the particle dynamics of the Standard Model.

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“…Although the problems of the cosmological constant and dark matter are usually considered two separate issues, attempts to unify the two dark sectors in a single framework are numerous. For example, Ferreira et al [44] suggest a model where the dark matter is made of two superfluids arising from two distinguishable states separated by a small energy difference: particles of one species can be converted into the other and the interaction between these multi-state components of the dark matter can drive cosmic acceleration. Alternatively, in emergent gravity, where both the classical space-time structure and gravity emerge from an underlying microscopic quantum theory [45][46][47], the two dark sectors can be unified when, for example, the dark energy fluid is modelled as a critical Bose-Einstein condensate of gravitons [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariant Formulation of refracted gravity

Sanna¹,

Matsakos²,

Diaferio³

2021

Preprint

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We propose a covariant formulation of refracted gravity (RG), a classical theory of gravity based on the introduction of the gravitational permittivity -a monotonic function of the local mass density -in the standard Poisson equation. The gravitational permittivity mimics the dark matter phenomenology. Our covariant formulation of RG (CRG) belongs to the class of scalar-tensor theories, where the scalar field ϕ has a self-interaction potential V(ϕ) = −Ξϕ, with Ξ a normalization constant. We show that the scalar field is twice the gravitational permittivity in the weak-field limit. Far from a spherical source of density ρs(r), the transition between the Newtonian and the RG regime appears below the acceleration scale aΞ = (2Ξ − 8πGρ/ϕ) 1/2 , with ρ = ρs + ρ bg and ρ bg an isotropic and homogeneous background. In the limit 2Ξ 8πGρ/ϕ, we obtain aΞ ∼ 10 −10 m s −2 . This acceleration is comparable to the acceleration a0 originally introduced in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). From CRG, we also derive the modified Friedmann equations for an expanding, homogeneous, and isotropic universe. We find that the same scalar field that mimics dark matter also drives the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Since Ξ plays a role roughly similar to the cosmological constant Λ in the standard model and has a comparable value, CRG suggests a natural explanation of the known relation a0 ∼ Λ 1/2 . CRG thus appears to describe both the dynamics of cosmic structure and the expanding Universe with a single scalar field, and falls within the family of models that unify the two dark sectors, highlighting a possible deep connection between phenomena currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy separately.

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Unified superfluid dark sector

Cited by 64 publications

References 182 publications

Ultra-light dark matter

Ultra-light dark matter

An exceptional G(2) extension of the Standard Model from the correspondence with Cayley–Dickson algebras automorphism groups

Covariant Formulation of refracted gravity

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